Antimatter in the framework of quantum theory: both particle and wave. Free Technical Library News

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Antimatter in the framework of quantum theory: both particle and wave

12.05.2019

The double-slit experiment demonstrates one of the fundamental principles of quantum physics: point particles are also waves. In the standard version of the experiment, particles pass through a pair of slots in a solid barrier. An interference pattern, typical of waves, appears on the screen from the other side. The ridges and troughs emerging from each slot reinforce or cancel each other out as they overlap, creating alternating bands of high and low particle density on the screen.

This kind of experiment revealed the corpuscular-wave duality of photons, electrons, atoms and even large molecules. But it is very difficult to create a strong uniform beam of antiparticles in order to conduct an experiment with antimatter. Now a new double-slit experiment has confirmed the wave-like nature of the electron's antiparticle, the positron.

Researchers have developed a device in which positrons, generated from the radioactive decay of the sodium-22 isotope, pass through two successive rows of vertical rods less than a micrometer thick. The distances between these rods, each a few hundred nanometers across, work like slots in a classic experiment. The positron waves propagate to the nuclear emulsion detector, where the antiparticles change the chemical structure of the silver bromide crystals.

A nuclear emulsion detector "looks like photographic film," says study co-author Marco Giammarchi, a physicist at the National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Milan. Developing a nuclear emulsion film in a dark room and viewing it under a microscope reveals chemical traces of positrons. Indeed, Jammarka's team found a positron interference pattern with alternating bands of high and low positron density.

Jammarcki and his colleagues hope to use the new technique to probe the nature of other antimatter conglomerates, such as positronium.

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