Dislocations. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Dislocations. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

dislocation called persistent displacement of the articular ends of the bones, accompanied by a rupture of the capsule and damage to the ligaments of the joint. There are congenital and acquired dislocations.

Acquired dislocations include traumatic dislocations (occur with injuries) and pathological dislocations (developing with certain diseases of the joints, for example, with the growth of a bone tumor).

Distinguish dislocations completewhen the articular surfaces completely lose contact, and incomplete (subluxations) - while maintaining partial contact of the articular surfaces of the bones that form the joint.

If a dislocated bone or a traumatic force violates the integrity of the skin in the joint area, then such a dislocation is called open, it is dangerous for microbes to enter the wound from the skin and the subsequent development of an inflammatory process in the joint.

A long-term unreduced dislocation is considered chronic. Often repeated dislocation in the same joint is called habitual. In cases of damage to large vessels and nerves by a dislocated bone, they speak of a complicated dislocation, with a simultaneous fracture of one of the bones that form the joint, a fracture-dislocation.

Dislocations occur more often in joints with a large range of motion - in spherical and blocky. As a rule, the bone located to the periphery (outside) of the joint is displaced. By the name of the displaced bone, the dislocation is called: in the hip joint - dislocation of the hip, in the knee - dislocation of the lower leg, in the ankle - dislocation of the foot, in the shoulder - dislocation of the shoulder, in the elbow - dislocation of the forearm, in the wrist - dislocation of the hand.

Evidence: pain, swelling, dysfunction of the joint, forced position of the limb, deformity of the joint, spring resistance in the joint when trying to change the position of the limb, which occurs due to the contraction of the muscles surrounding the joint.

First aid

Transport immobilization (without changing the position in the joint). In case of dislocation in the joints of the upper limb, it is easier to implement it by applying a Dezo bandage (see Fig. 64), a kerchief bandage (Fig. 41) or fixing a hollow jacket. In case of dislocation in the joints of the lower limb, the victim is placed on a mattress, on a stretcher shield, or transport ladder or improvised tires are applied, which should be of such length that they fix the limb, capturing the injured joint, as well as one joint above and below the damage.

Dislocations. Health care

Fig.41. kerchief bandage

Cold on the area of the injured joint to reduce pain, swelling and bruising.

With severe pain - intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of narcotic analgesics.

Applying a sterile dressing on open dislocations

During the provision of first aid, a dislocation cannot be reduced: this manipulation is a medical operation, carried out in a hospital with mandatory x-ray control.

Necessary equipment: a bandage, a scarf, stair transport or improvised tires, a stretcher shield, a mattress or improvised means, an ice pack or a heating pad with cold water, narcotic analgesics in a syringe tube, an individual dressing bag.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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