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Japanese asteroid reconnaissance Hayabusa-2

12.12.2014

The Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa-2 was launched. Its target is the relatively small asteroid 1999 JU3.

The launch was carried out using a Japanese two-stage H-2A launch vehicle equipped with liquid rocket engines from the Tanegashima cosmodrome, located on the island of the same name, south of Kyushu, on the border of the Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea.

The Hayabusa-2 mission was the second attempt by JAXA (Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) to carry out an asteroid mission with the return of asteroid soil samples to Earth. The first (and so far the only one in the world) attempt was made in 2003. However, the Itokawa asteroid research program could not be carried out in full at that time due to a number of technical problems.

The main goal of the new expedition has not changed. "Hayabusa-2" must collect soil samples from the surface of the asteroid (possibly from near-surface layers) and return them in a special capsule to Earth for a detailed analysis of the composition of the asteroid matter. The mission also aims at the technological development of geological exploration on the surface of a small celestial body.

Asteroid 1999 JU3, discovered back in May 1999, has an elongated orbit, due to which, in its motion, it crosses the orbits of the Earth and Mars. This celestial body, 920 meters in size, revolves around the Sun with a period of 474 days and has its own rotation period of about 7,6 hours. Its surface albedo is small and is estimated at about 0,06.

The Hayabusa-2 apparatus (its weight is 590 kg) is equipped with two solar panels and a xenon ion thruster. After arriving in the vicinity of the target asteroid in mid-2018, the spacecraft will observe and study in detail the entire surface of the asteroid using a range of remote sensing instruments.

For direct research of the asteroid itself, Hayabusa 2 carries on board a 10-kilogram lander - a mobile reconnaissance vehicle on the surface of the asteroid MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout), a small impact impactor SCI (Small Carry-on Impactor) and a mini rover MINERVA 2 (MIcro / Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle for Asteroid), designed for detailed study of the surface.

The MASCOT lander was developed by the German space agency DLR (German Space Agency) in collaboration with the National Center for Space Research of France (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES).

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