60. Post-war development of the national economy

The USSR began economic recovery from 1943 gradually with the expulsion of the occupiers. In addition to these activities, it was necessary to carry out industry conversion, since more than half of the industrial output produced military products, at this time they also began to develop new types of weapons.

В 1949 year was published in the press that in the USSR, passed atomic bomb test, And in 1953 year test hydrogen bomb.

During these years, there was mass demobilization, as a result of which the composition of the army dropped sharply, but by the beginning of 1950 it had doubled compared to 1948.

Particular attention during the years of the first five-year plans was given to the development of industry: mechanical engineering, the fuel and energy complex, and metallurgy. Financing of the food and light industry took place on a residual basis; as a result, the created products could not satisfy the needs of the population.

The economic development of the country had several sources of, first of all, it the prescriptive nature of the economy, which retained the mobilization direction. The population organizedly restored the Dneproges, metallurgical plants, mines, was engaged in the construction of new hydroelectric power stations and factories, etc.

USSR received reparations for a total amount of 4,3 billion dollars from Germany, equipment, machines, etc. were also exported from Germany. German and Japanese prisoners of war worked in the Soviet Union, and there were also 8-9 million prisoners in the Gulag system, whose work was not paid.

During these years, the policy of redistribution of funds for the heavy industry of their social sphere continued to operate. The population every year had to subscribe to loans provided by the state.

The difficult situation was in the production of agricultural products, as well as the drought of 1946, which covered the territory of Moldova, the Volga region, the Crimea, the Central Black Earth region, did not allow it to grow.

After the war, non-equivalent commodity exchange between the population of the city and the countryside continued to operate through the implementation of a pricing policy. Purchase prices for agricultural products changed slowly, thereby not reflecting changes in the costs of their production, as a result, the cost of milk, grain, and meat did not pay off. They were covered either by subsidies or by state loans, which were then written off.

At first 1946 years the Soviet government began to reduce household plots and tax farm cash taxes, and also each yard was obliged to hand over to the state natural tax.

The existence of the card system was until the end of 1947, although its abolition was planned for 1946, but due to drought and crop failure, the deadline was pushed back. Prior to the abolition of these cards, the Soviet government established a single cost for food products, which resulted in an increase in food prices for city residents.

Simultaneously carried out monetary reform, due to the large release of money into circulation during the war years for the army. The decrease in the level of retail trade turnover led to the fact that the population had more money than was necessary for the stable operation of the national economy, and as a result, their purchasing power fell. One of the reasons was the release of counterfeit money by the Nazis.

According to statistics, the average wages of workers for the period 1928 to 1954. increased more than 11 times.

Particular difficulties existed with housing, as many families huddled in hostels, communal apartments, basements and barracks. However, the construction took place on a limited scale.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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