67. USSR and the world in the mid-60s - early 80s.

The widespread resettlement of the people and the historical past of the country laid the foundation for the formation of a collective organization of labor, which manifested itself in the creation of collective farms, comprehensive programs, basic production rules necessary to guide the government and collective producers. Based on these principles, the highest authorities and party bodies decided that in order to strengthen and improve the socialist society, it would be necessary to carry out fundamental changes in the development of productive forces, the management structure, and coordinate the improvement of all components of the economic process.

The implementation of changes in the economic mechanism, which took shape at the initial stage of the formation of socialism, arose by the beginning of the 1960swhen, on the party initiative, it was started economic reform. The measures intended to form a new system of planning and economic incentives consisted of changing the territorial principle of managing an industry by sector, since it was necessary to carry out the development of scientific and technical thought in each industry, as well as the gradual introduction of volumetric indicators of production activity, which would reflect its results . The relationship between economic entities and the state was changed, enterprises began to pay for land and water resources, as well as for production assets. Enterprises that transferred to a new management system and produced any product were awarded a state Quality Mark.

During these years, the agricultural reformas a result of which debts of state and collective farms were written off, prices for the purchase of agricultural products were increased, a surcharge of 50% was established for additionally produced products, measures were taken to strengthen the financing of agricultural production, work was started on programs of chemicalization, melioration and mechanization of agrarian sectors of the economy.

During these years, positive results were achieved in the USSR, for example, the volume of agricultural production was increased by 21%, industrial production by 50%, there was a formation unified national economic complex, which included a single raw material, transport, energy system of the European part of the Soviet Union. Was created energy system of Central Siberia, the degree of influence of intensive factors on the growth of national income was increased, which was reflected in an increase in the rate of labor productivity, a reduction in the material intensity of products and a more efficient use of fixed production assets in various industries.

Workers in industry and the agricultural sector have increased wages and, accordingly, the standard of living, since prices for consumer goods and food products have remained unchanged for a long time. improved food quality, and increased equipping with durable consumer goods, so in 1960 household appliances: refrigerators, televisions, etc. were inaccessible to many families, and in 1970 they were in the majority of the population.

The problem with housing continued to exist, in the cities there were mostly communal apartments, and the houses that were built from the beginning of 1950 were small. From the beginning of 1970, the population with high earnings began to acquire cooperative apartments, with more improved living conditions.

At this time the number of people has increasedwho received entitlement to social security funds. The amount of state pensions depended on length of service and was equal to up to 70% of earnings.

Authors: Zilbertova T.N., Takhtomysova D.A.

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