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Hybrid train

09.07.2011

In recent years, hybrid vehicles have become popular, having both an electric motor with batteries and a conventional internal combustion engine.

This engine rotates an electric generator, from which electric motors built into the wheels work. When braking, driving downhill or waiting for a green light, excess generated energy is stored in the batteries. When driving around the city, you can completely switch to batteries. Compared to a conventional car, a hybrid car is more economical and has less toxic emissions. And it is more convenient than an electric car, as it does not require long-term charging of batteries.

Germany launched the first commuter train based on the same principle: diesel plus batteries. Fuel consumption was reduced by 40-50%. New European standards require reducing the toxicity of railway locomotive exhausts from 2012, reducing soot emissions by 88%, and nitrogen oxides by 39%. Only hybrid trains can cope with such requirements.

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The world managed to twist 15.09.2011

In 1818, the famous French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel suggested that light passing through a moving transparent medium - glass, air, water - should be involved in the movement of this medium.

The predicted effect was discovered at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. Roughly speaking, if you quickly rotate a round glass window, you can make everything visible through it slightly rotate in the direction of rotation - by a millionth of an angular degree.

American physicists, passing a green laser beam along the axis of a ruby cylinder, greatly reduced the speed of light (light reaches three hundred thousand kilometers per second only in a vacuum). A mask with an ellipse-shaped hole was placed in the path of the beam. The cylinder was rotated at 3000 revolutions per minute, and the exit ellipse rotated almost five degrees.

The ability to "twist" light by rotating the medium through which it passes can lead to a new way of encoding information for transmission in a laser beam.

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