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Aerosleigh Prostor. Personal transport
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The villagers of the steppe Altai, as well as the inhabitants of the Far North, simply need a reliable and fast vehicle in winter. Gamekeepers, hunters and cattle breeders especially need it. The only relatively accessible transport is the well-known snowmobile "Buran", but in comparison with the snowmobile "Prostor" created by us, it clearly loses.
"Prostor" surpasses it in speed, economy - and this is with engines of almost equal power, as well as comfort and smoothness. Owners of "blizzards" are often burned out by piston burnouts, variator belt breaks, caterpillar failures. Released parts are scarce, and it is difficult to make them yourself. Aerosleighs, in the event of a breakdown, can be repaired independently, even a propeller-driven installation - after all, parts for the PD-10 and Izhs are on sale. Long-term operation has shown that a home-made device, oddly enough, is more reliable than a serial snowmobile.
An engine with a pusher propeller is located on the subframe at the rear of the snowmobile. The frame, welded from steel pipes of rectangular section and an angle, rests on a transverse beam and is additionally attached to the body of the sledge by struts. The hull is made according to the "aviation" technology: the load-bearing frame consists of frames and stringers, to which the sheathing of duralumin sheets is riveted. At the canopy of a single cab, the doors fold up. "Prostor" transports two people with equipment. The passenger is seated behind the cabin. To do this, the fairing is removed, covering the space between it and the engine.
The landing gear of the snowmobile is tricycle with a front swivel strut. The steering mechanism from the Moskvich-412 car is connected to it. Such a device is compact, light in weight and free to move.
General view of the snowmobile (pos. 21 not shown in the side view) (click to enlarge): 1 - nose fairing, 2 - steering mechanism, 3 - body, 4 - cockpit lamp, 5 - spare canister, 6 - removable fairing, 7 - air screw. 8 - under-engine frame, 9 - passenger seat, 10 - nilot seat, 11 - rear support brace, 12 - lower propeller guard, 13 - spring, 14 - gas tank, 15 - gas pedal, 16 - cardan joint, 17 - front support spring, 18 - skis, 19 - ski undercut, 20 - shock absorbers, 21 - propeller guard, 22 - engine, 23 - headlight, 24 - footrest, 25 - rear support. 26 - rear support springs, 27 - front support, 28 - transverse beam (D16T, pipe 1x 0x130).
Front support (front view, nose fairing removed) (click to enlarge): 1 - removable welded transverse beam (St3, s1,5), 2 - hull skin (D16T, sheet s2), 3 - frame (St3, sheet s1,5, 4), 5 - steering gear housing, 45 - rack (steel 27, pipe 4,5x6), 3 - strut (St1,5, sheet s 7), 3 - bracket (St3, sheet s8), 9 - springs, 10 - springs, 11 - steering gear shank, 12 - splined bushing (flyback head), 3 - lower flange (St13), 6 - stopper (M14 bolt), 15 - pillow (rubber), 3 - upper flange (St16), 8 - M4 bolt (17 pcs.), 18 - rivet (D05, 16, 18 pcs.), 3 - bearing housing flange (St3, sheet s19), 3 - bearing support (St20), 46206,21 - bearing 3 - housing bearing (St22), 3 - axle (St30, pipe 2,5x23), 3 - hinge housing (St36, pipe 3x24), 8 special spring mounting bolts (M25), XNUMX - oiler
The nose of the snowmobile without a fairing: 1 - steering mechanism, 2 - bracket for fastening the nose fairing, 3 - elastic coupling. 4 - bearing housing 46206, 5 - cross beam
Fastening the springs to the front ski: 1 - rack, 2 - spring, 3-ski. 4 - front bracket (St3, sheet s2) 5 - shelf (St3, sheet s2), 6 - pillow (rubber), 7 - fingers (M10 bolt), spacer sleeve (St3, pipe 14x1,5), 9 - washer ( St3, sheet s2), 10 - rubber bushing, 11 - rear bracket (St3, sheet s2).
Rear support (left): 1 - shock absorber bracket (St3, sheet s3), 2 - rubber bushings (from Mos-kvncha-412), 3 - springs, 4 - lower spring pin (steel 45, M16 special bolt), 5 - cheek (St3, sheet s2), 6 pad (St3, sheet s3), 7 - bracket (St3, sheet s3), 8 - ski sheathing, 9 stand (St3, pipe 40x25x2.5), 10 - upper spring bracket ( St3, sheet s3), 11 - upper spring pin (M16 bolt). 12 shock absorber, 13 strut (StZ, sheet s1,5). 14- hinge body (St3, coarse 30x3). 15 cork (rubber), 16 - undercut, 17 - amplifier. 18 - sole. 19 - hinge axis (St3, coarse 24x2.5)
The main parts and components of the engine: 1 - gearbox cover, 2,1 - rear and front plates (St3, sheet s5), 3 - gaskets with additional brackets for attaching the rear plate (St3, sheet s6), 4 - drive gear ( z=20, 2 pcs.), 5 - crankcases, 6 - cylinder body, 8 - magneto mounting bracket, 9 - propeller shaft, 10 - driven gear (z=53), 11 - filler cap, 12 - cuff body , 13 - drain plug, 14 - oil level control plug
View of the front of the engine: 1 - magneto, 2 - starting tank, 3 - carburetor control mechanism, 4 - muffler, 5 - exhaust pipes, 6 - folding passenger seat back
View of the rear of the engine: 1 - drain plug, 2 - filler neck, 3 - gearbox cover, 4 - carburetor air intake, 5 - muffler
Rear support suspension: 1 - rack, 2 - spring, 3 - spring, 4 - springs
Fastening of the rear springs: 1 - elements of the sub-frame, 2 - bracket (St3, sheet s2), 3 - element of the propeller guard, 4-springs, 5 - springs, 6 - longitudinal beam (D16T, angle 30x30), 7 - stirrups ( steel 45, bar Ø6), 8 - transverse beam, 9 - reinforcement plate (D16T, sheet s5), 10 - shelf (D16T, corner 30x30).
The main details of the ski design: 1 - reinforcement, 2 - sole (D16T, sheet s2,5), 3 toe (D16T, sheet s2,5), 4. 7 - sides (D16T, sheet s2,5), 5 - undercut ( St3, pipe 15x2), 6 - M6 stud, 8 - back (D16T, sheet s2,5)
Ski suspension - independent. The front one is fixed on longitudinal leaf springs, and the rear ones - on transverse ones, partially acting as torsion bars, working on twisting during frontal impacts. In addition, the rear suspensions are equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers. All skis are connected to the racks by hinges in the form of two pipes of different diameters inserted one into the other. Lubricant is filled into the gap between them through the oiler.
The articulation of the front ski with the spring is made according to the automobile type: its rear end is fixed, and the front end, resting on a rubber cushion, has one degree of freedom. The skis themselves consist of several main duralumin parts: the middle part of the sole; an amplifier made from pipes of watering installations; welded toe and heel. The latter are connected to the middle part with rivets and bolts. For better glide, the sole of the ski is covered with a sheet material with a low coefficient of friction (brass, stainless steel or roofing iron 0,8-1 mm thick). The "upholstery" is easy to change - it is simply crimped along the sole, and the edges are bent over the side.
Technical characteristics of the "Prostor" snowmobile with the M-40 engine:
- Weight, kg: dry .................180
- curb.............210
- maximum ....... 370-400
- Number of seats............ 2
- Clearance, mm ................300
- Base, mm .............. 2200
- Track, mm .............. 1600
- Engine: power, hp............. 40
- weight with screw, kg ......... 70
- number of cylinders.....2
- Gear ratio ........... 2,65
- Screw diameter, m .......... 1,75
- Rotational speed in / screws, rpm .............. 1900
- Thrust in / screw, kgf ........ 130-140
- Fuel consumption per 100 km, l ................ 25
The M-40 engine is one of the options for a modular design already familiar to the reader (a module is a cylinder and a crankcase with a crankshaft) design of ready-made components and parts, but an easier-to-manufacture boxer with an integrated gearbox. He, like the previous models, has cylinders, heads and carburetors borrowed from Izh-Planet, crankcases, crankshafts and pistons assemblies - from PD-10, and gears of the gearbox (z = 20 and z = 53) - from the motor D-240 tractor MTZ-80.
There is no gearbox housing, and the crankcases are connected to each other through gaskets with additional brackets for securing the gearbox cover. On both sides, the block is closed with plates with bearing housings mounted in them. In the upper bearings, the propeller shaft rotates with the driven gear, which is pressed onto the shaft with an interference fit of 0,05-0,07 mm (after preheating). And in order to completely eliminate mutual turning, the shaft and gear are welded around the circumference with a discontinuous seam of 5-10 mm. In the Prostor design, the axial pushing force of the propeller is perceived by a 46208 angular contact bearing. It and the crankshaft bearings are lubricated with oil poured into the crankcase through the neck in the gearbox cover. There are also holes on the cover for checking the oil level and draining it.
The drive of the regular magneto (M-124B1) has also been changed. The crosspiece was removed and the crankshaft shank was modified. Now the magneto rotor is connected to the crankshaft by a rubberized hose with clamps.
Engine and gearbox (the propeller is conventionally not shown, item 8 is cut along В-В) (click to enlarge): 1 - drive gears, 2 - crankcases, 3 - cylinder bodies, 4 - propeller bushing, 5 - driven gear, 6 - rear plate, 7, 11 - additional brackets for fastening the rear plate, 8 - gearbox cover, 9 - bearing housing (AL 5), 10 - flange for mounting the engine to the sub-frame, 12 - gasket, 13-connecting coupling, 14 - nozzle magneto drive shaft (steel 45), 15 clamp (2 pcs.), 16 - magneto, 17 magneto mounting bracket (St3). 18 - front plate, 19 - generator drive pulley, 20, 24 - bearing housings (St3), 21 - bearing 180206, 22 - crankshaft, 23. 29 - cuffs, 25 - bearing 46208, 26 - propeller shaft (40HGSA) , 27 - key, 28 - M22 nuts, 30 - cuff body (St3), 31 - air screw, 32 - adapter (steel 45), 33 - bearing 305
Scheme for finalizing purge windows
Scheme for finalizing the crankcase from PD-10
Rear view of the subframe and engine units: 1 - gasoline pumps, 2 - one of the engine attachment points to the subframe, 3 - drain plug, 4 - gas filter.
The engine can be equipped with a battery ignition system. This requires a battery and a generator, such as the G-250, with a belt drive from a pulley on the propeller shaft. And as a breaker - magneto contacts.
The power of such an opposite double without forcing is about 35-40 hp, and it is effectively implemented by a propeller. The propeller thrust reaches 130-140 kgf. In addition, a two-stroke engine has considerable reserves for forcing - if desired, the power of the M-40 can be increased to 50 hp.
The motor is well balanced and with a balanced propeller does not experience vibrations. Therefore, the subframe is made easier and more convenient for inspection and maintenance of the power plant. The mass of the engine with the screw reaches 68-70 kg, which is quite acceptable for a snowmobile. However, if the body parts are made of aluminum alloys, the engine will become lighter by another ten kilograms.
Snowmobiles "Prostor" are popular in our region. But we still continue to improve them. "Prostor" is still on the way.
Author: V. Ermakov
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