SW connection in the mountains. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Civil radio communications

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When making a mountain hike of any complexity, it is desirable to have radio communications. More recently, their legal use was associated with great difficulties. Now MW radio stations of class D (10 mW, 27140 kHz, AM) can be used without prior permission throughout the CIS and Western Europe.

Our industry produces station type D - KOLIBRI and its modifications. I used stations like KOLIBRI M-1, the trip took place in the mountains of the southwestern Crimea.

Preparing the radio for operation

Of course, if you operate the radio station in field conditions in the form in which it is sold, there is little chance that it will "survive" until the end of the campaign. But pretreatment preparation will not take much time. First, it is necessary to exclude the ways of getting moisture inside the radio station. The KOLIBRI radios use transmit-receive switches and on. very simple in design and moisture can easily damage them, thus disabling the radio station. It is very good if you can get some silica gel - a moisture absorber. Having removed the top cover of the station, it can be placed on the board near the battery compartment. Silica gel should be wrapped in a moisture-permeable sheet. Secondly, it is advisable to immediately strengthen the pin for connecting the antenna. As it turned out, at half of the stations, these pins are poorly riveted, as a result of which, due to poor contact and especially due to its oxidation, a significant reduction in communication range is possible. You can strengthen it either with riveting, or gently solder it with a powerful soldering iron to the plate on which it is attached. Then the station must be assembled again and glued around the PVC perimeter with electrical tape or adhesive tape. It is advisable to cover the hole in the battery compartment and the slot near the antenna connection pin with plasticine.

It should be noted that although the station consumes a small current - about 10 mA in the receive mode and 20mA in the transmit mode, "Kron" will not save up on it, especially if the radio station will be operated in a wide temperature range. It is much more economical to power it from two 4.5V batteries. The power supply is screwed to the electrical tape to the bottom of the station.

It is advisable to carry the radio station on a hike on a strap attached to the corresponding ledge of the radio station and preferably under outerwear if it is raining, snowing or cold. Carrying under outerwear eliminates the impact of the radio station on the stones and can protect against impact when the carrier falls.

You should also pay attention to the antenna. There are several types of antennas used with KOLIBRI radios. This is a nickel-plated metal antenna with a coil rigidly mounted on it and a twisted plastic-based antenna. Unfortunately, both types of these antennas are not quite suitable for outdoor use. From the first antenna, the coating easily comes off when it is accidentally hit against stones, and the twisted antenna is wound with a thin wire, which is not difficult to accidentally interrupt. But it is easy to strengthen these antennas. To do this, they should be wrapped with PVC tape, which will protect the coating from peeling and the thin wire of the twisted antenna from damage.

Communication to the station's standard antenna

In the mountains, under the condition of direct visibility and dry, clear weather, reliable communication between two KOLIBRI M-2 radio stations using their standard antennas was possible at a distance of 800 to 1000 meters. In the forest, also with an assumed line of sight, communication was possible at a distance of 150-400 meters, depending on the density of the forest. In foggy conditions and especially heavy rain, the communication range decreased by two to three times. When working in gorges, in mountainous areas, communication could disappear after a few tens of meters.

Using a radio with quarter-wave whip antennas

From the foregoing, it is clear that the communication range provided by KOLIBRI radio stations does not always suit tourists. The easiest way to increase the communication range is to use a full-size quarter-wave antenna and counterweights, all 2.7 meters long. It should be noted that in the mountains it is possible to use only vertical polarization for communication and, therefore, the use of whip antennas.

Whip antenna can be made from stranded copper wire in insulation. At one end of the antenna, you should place a "crocodile" with which you can easily cling to the screwing pin of the standard antenna, and at the other end - a short rope with which the antenna can be placed on tree branches and other natural or artificial masts. To fix counterweights, it is necessary to make a short lead from any power pole. The design of the counterweight is similar to that of the antenna. When working at the base station, it is desirable to have at least 3-4 counterweights.

When using the KOLIBRI base station equipped with a whip antenna 2.7 meters long and three counterweights of the same length, a reliable connection with a radio station operating on a standard antenna with a line of sight was no less than 1.5 km. When a counterweight was added to the portable station, the communication range increased to 2 km. When using a 2.7 m long antenna in a portable station, the communication range increased to 2.3 km.

What is heard in the mountains

In addition to making sure connections, I was interested in what is heard in the mountains. In the gorges and lowlands, apart from their stations, nothing is heard. But on the tops of the mountains - about 1-1.2 km above sea level - depending on the passage, many different AM stations were heard, often with a signal strength blocking their closely spaced stations. The signals of radio stations of other groups using MW communication in the mountains, stations of Ukraine, Russia, as well as various stations of Western Europe were received.

Conclusion

If you do use CB communications on your travels, think about what you want to achieve and use the appropriate type of CB station based on that. It is advisable to have a spare station, spare power and antennas. And - in a good way!

Publication: cxem.net

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