Human energy costs in various forms of activity. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Human energy costs in various forms of activity. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The level of human energy consumption in various forms of activity, it serves as a criterion for the severity and intensity of the work performed, is of great importance for optimizing working conditions and its rational organization.

The level of energy consumption is determined by the method of complete gas analysis, while taking into account the volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide released. With an increase in the severity of labor, oxygen consumption and the amount of energy consumed increase significantly.

The severity and intensity of work characterized by the degree of functional stress of the body. It can be energetic, depending on the power of work (during physical labor), and emotional (during mental labor), when information overload occurs.

Physical work It is characterized by a large load on the body, requiring mainly muscle effort and appropriate energy supply, and also affects the functional systems (cardiovascular, neuromuscular, respiratory, etc.), stimulates metabolic processes. Its main indicator is heaviness. Energy costs during physical labor, depending on the severity of work, are 4000-6000 kcal per day, and with a mechanized form of labor, energy costs are 3000-4000 kcal.

Brainwork combines work related to the reception and transmission of information, requiring activation of the processes of thinking, attention, memory. This type of labor is characterized by a significant decrease in motor activity. Main indicator mental labor is tension, reflecting the load on the central nervous system. Energy consumption during mental work is 2500-3000 kcal per day. But energy costs vary depending on the working posture. So, in a working posture sitting, energy costs exceed the level of basal metabolism by 5-10%; standing - by 10-25%, with a forced uncomfortable posture - by 40-50%. With intensive intellectual work, the brain's need for energy is 15-20% of the total metabolism in the body.

The increase in total energy costs during mental work is determined by the degree of neuro-emotional tension.

Daily energy expenditure during mental work increases by 48% when reading aloud while sitting, by 90% - when lecturing, by 90-100% - among computer operators. In addition, the brain is prone to inertia, because after the cessation of work, the thought process continues, which leads to greater fatigue and exhaustion of the central nervous system than during physical labor.

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