Acoustic vibrations, their characteristics and effects on the body. OBZhD

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Acoustic vibrations, their characteristics and effects on the body. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Mechanical vibrations in elastic media cause the propagation of elastic waves called acoustic vibrations. The physical concept of acoustic vibrations covers audible and inaudible vibrations of elastic media. Energy from the source of vibrations is transferred to the particles of the medium. As the wave propagates, the particles are involved in oscillatory motion with a frequency equal to the frequency of the oscillation source, and with a phase delay that depends on the distance to the source and on the speed of wave propagation. Propagating in space, sound vibrations create an acoustic field.

The human ear perceives and analyzes sounds in a wide range, often and more intensely. The pitch of the sound is determined by the frequency of vibration: the higher the frequency of vibration, the higher the sound. The volume rises much more slowly than the intensity of the sound waves. The minimum threshold values are in the range of 1-5 kHz. The threshold of hearing in humans is 0 dB at a frequency of 1000 Hz, at a frequency of 100 Hz the threshold of auditory perception is much higher, since the ear is sensitive to low-frequency sounds. The pain threshold is considered to be sound with a level of 140 dB, which corresponds to a sound pressure of 200 Pa, and an intensity level of 100 W/m2. Sound sensations are evaluated according to the threshold of discomfort.

Ultrasound, as elastic waves, does not differ from audible sound, but the frequency of the oscillatory process contributes to a large attenuation of oscillations due to the transformation of energy into heat and is classified into low-frequency and high-frequency; according to the method of propagation - to air and contact ultrasound.

Infrasound is also an area of acoustic oscillations with a frequency below 16-20 Hz. In production conditions, infrasound is combined with low-frequency noise, in some cases - with low-frequency vibration.

The biological effect of the impact of acoustic vibrations on the human body depends on the intensity, duration of exposure and the size of the body surface exposed to vibrations and is expressed by a functional violation of the organs and systems of the human body, since acoustic vibrations can cause a breakdown of adaptive reactions, causing acoustic stress, leading to functional disorders regulation of the central nervous system and destructive processes in various organs and tissues.

Also, acoustic vibrations in production contribute to a decrease in attention and an increase in the number of errors in the performance of work, and affect the speed of reaction.

The degree of noise pathology depends on the intensity and duration of exposure, the functional state of the central nervous system and the individual sensitivity of the organism to an acoustic stimulus.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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