Completeness, detail and accuracy of maps. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Completeness, detail and accuracy of maps. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Completeness and detail of topographic maps depend mainly on their scale (the larger the scale, the more fully and in detail the elements of the terrain are depicted and characterized on the map) and the nature of the terrain (the fewer different objects on the terrain, the more fully they are displayed on the map). The completeness and detail of the display of individual objects on topographic maps at a scale of 1:50-000:1 for a moderately rugged inhabited area are indicated in Table. 500.

Hills, hollows, hollows and other forms of relief are shown on topographic maps at a height (depth) of more than 0,5 of the height of the section of this map.

On a 1:1 scale map, the elements of the terrain are depicted with a more significant selection. For example, a map of a moderately rugged inhabited area shows only the main highways, the most important settlements, but no more than one per 000 km.², rivers longer than 10 km, etc.

Table 6.2. Basic standards for the image of terrain objects

terrain object	Shown on scale maps
terrain object	1: 50 000	1: 100 000	1: 200 000	1: 500 000
highway roads	All	All	All	Partially
dirt roads	All	The main	The main	Rarely
Settlements	All	All	With more than 10 houses	11 or more one per 25 km²
Separate yards	All	Partially	Rarely	No
Rivers longer than	0,5 km	1 km	2 km	5 km
Lakes over	0,5 ha	2 ha	8ha	50 ha
Swamps with an area of more than	5 ha	25 ha	100 ha	600 ha
Forests over	2,5 ha	The South	40 ha	100 ha
Cliffs, embankments higher than	1 m	2 m	GW	5 m
Dams with a length of more than	150 m	300 m	500 m	800 m

On all topographic maps, the objects of the terrain are shown as fully as possible, which significantly determine its tactical properties: on maps of desert-steppe regions, up to a scale of 1: 200 inclusive, all elements of hydrography, roads, trails, as well as local objects of orientation value are given; on maps of hard-to-reach areas, the road network, etc. is more fully displayed.

The accuracy of topographic maps is usually characterized by average position errors on the map of terrain features.

The most accurate (with an average error of 0,1-0,2 mm on the map scale) are shown geodetic points and some landmarks (individual towers, factory chimneys, churches, etc.).

Terrain elements that are clearly and distinctly expressed on the terrain are depicted on maps with an average error of 0,5 mm. On maps of hard-to-reach areas (mountainous, mountain-taiga, wooded-swampy, etc.), the same terrain elements are shown less accurately - with an average error of 0,75-1 mm.

The average errors in the position of horizontals in height on maps of flat and hilly terrain are half the height of the relief section of this map, and on maps of mountainous areas - the height of the relief section.

When assessing the accuracy of the position on the map of a given object, one should take into account not only its nature, but also its location.

In settlements, only their outer contours are shown with the required accuracy, as well as the main thoroughfares and the buildings closest to the intersections.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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