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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
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Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon), Diospyros lotus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Diospyros Family: Ebony (Ebenaceae) Origin: Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Western and Central Asia Area: Common persimmon is common in the temperate climate of Eurasia, including the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Western and Central Asia, as well as in Iran and Turkey. Chemical composition: Persimmon fruits contain vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, C, carotene, sugars, organic acids (malic, tartaric, citric), pectin, tannins, trace elements (potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc), antioxidants. Economic value: Persimmon fruits are used for the production of juices, compotes, jams, canned food and other products. Persimmon is also grown as an ornamental plant and for landscape design. The persimmon tree is used in the sawmill industry, in the manufacture of furniture and decorative items. Persimmon bark and leaves contain substances that have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and tonic effects, and are used in pharmacology. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Egypt, the common persimmon was considered a sacred tree. Its fruits were a symbol of wealth and longevity, and were also used in rituals to protect against evil spirits and diseases. In China, persimmon has traditionally been associated with abundant yields and abundance. Its fruits were used in cooking and as food to preserve food for the winter. Also, persimmon was a symbol of health, longevity and prosperity. In Japan, the common persimmon is known as "kaki" and is traditionally used in cooking, in particular for making sweet desserts. Persimmon also symbolizes prosperity and abundance. In India, the common persimmon is called "amla", which means "sour". Its fruits are used as a seasoning for dishes and in medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In American culture, the common persimmon is traditionally associated with autumn and Halloween. Its fruits are used as decorative elements and symbolize harvest and abundance. In religious symbolism, the common persimmon can be associated with various deities and saints, depending on the culture. For example, in Christianity, persimmon can be associated with spiritual fertility and abundance of grace.
Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon), Diospyros lotus. Description, illustrations of the plant Caucasian persimmon, Diospyros lotus L. Botanical description, area and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: diospir tree. Dioecious tree with dark green oval leaves. Flowers axillary, on short pedicels; staminate, located 2-5 in the floor of umbrellas, pistillate - solitary. Calyx 4-5-lobed, corolla brown-red or dirty pink. The fruit is a fleshy amber-yellow, when ripe, a dark brown color, a spherical berry. Flowering in May, fruiting in September-October. Oriental persimmon is a low tree, cultivated in gardens. The fruit is fleshy, spherical-flattened in shape, when ripe - from light orange to meat-red. The fruits ripen in October. Range and habitats. The range of this species extends from Japan through China and Northern India to the west of the Mediterranean, all the way to Spain. Chemical composition. The Caucasian persimmon fruits contain 61 mg% of vitamin C and carotene. Oriental persimmon fruits contain glycosides - 68 mg%, flavonoids - 0,53%, vitamin C, organic acids, manganese, magnesium, lead, copper, iron. Japanese persimmon contains (in mg%): sodium 15, potassium 200, calcium 127, magnesium 56, phosphorus 42, iron 2,5, iodine 49,7. The fruits also contain glucose and fructose, tannins of the gallic group, etc. Application in medicine. Canned juice from oriental persimmon fruits is used as a source of vitamin C and carotene. From carotene in the body under the influence of liver enzymes, vitamin A is formed, which is necessary for the normal function of the eyes and the body's resistance to infectious diseases. Juice is prepared from fresh fruits with the addition of alcohol for preservation. Condensed juice (persimmon-doshab) is made from persimmon fruits, which is obtained by squeezing the fruit and evaporating the juice. It is used for anemia, in debilitated patients, with hypovitaminosis C and A, catarrh of the respiratory tract as an expectorant. Other uses. Caucasian persimmon fruits are edible and contain a lot of sugars, malic acid and vitamins. Used for food fresh, frozen, often dried. Drying and frost destroy their astringency. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon), Diospyros lotus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus Diospyros is of Greek origin and can be translated as the food of the gods, another meaning is divine fire. The word persimmon came into the Russian language from Farsi (Persian), where in the original it sounds like a khormal - that is, a date plum. The word horma (persimmon) in Farsi means date, the word alu means plum. The name Hormal originally referred to the Caucasian persimmon. Dried persimmon tastes very similar to dates, hence the name Caucasian persimmon in Farsi. Then this name spread to other types of persimmon, including the eastern (Japanese). Deciduous tree 15-30 meters high with bark crumbling with aging. Persimmon is a dioecious plant, less often monoecious, male trees are smaller, branched, with a dense crown, in female specimens the crown is rare, the branches are thicker, stronger, more elastic. The leaves are shiny, leathery, oval in shape with a pointed end, 5-15 cm long and 3-6 cm wide. The flowers are small, greenish, arranged on short stalks in several pieces, appearing in May-June. They are quite honey-bearing and attract a large number of bees. Caucasian persimmon trees are winter-hardy - they can withstand up to 25 degrees below zero. The fruits of the Caucasian persimmon are small, spherical, up to 2 cm in diameter. The unripe fruits are green, the ripe fruit has a yellow or brownish-red color, and the overripe fruits are covered with a slight wax coating and become brownish-black. The pulp of the fruit is very fleshy, they taste tart, but if they are affected by frost or they lie down, it acquires a honey-sweet taste. Seeds with a thin skin and very hard endosperm, their number sometimes reaches 10 pieces, which by weight is up to 40% of the weight of the fruit. The Caucasian persimmon bears fruit and ripens in October-November. Unripe persimmon fruits have an astringent taste and can cause gastrointestinal upset. A subtropical plant whose range extends from Japan through China and northern India to the west of the Mediterranean, all the way to Spain. Cultivated within its range, as well as in the USA and North Africa. The tree grows in the lower and middle mountain belts, in the Crimea and the Caucasus, usually up to 600 m above sea level, in Central Asia it rises higher - up to 2000 m. Rarely forms pure stands, usually grows together with ash, maples and other hardwoods. It is not demanding on the soil, it can grow on rocky slopes, but it is photophilous, therefore it is well cleared of branches, which gives its trunks a majestic columnar appearance. Despite its astringency due to the high concentration of tannin, the fruits of the Caucasian persimmon are used for food in fresh, dried and processed form. Their increased astringency is destroyed by freezing or drying. Syrups, wines, vodkas are prepared from its fruits. Fresh fruit juice is used in cooking to make sauces or dressings. In grated form, the fruits of the Caucasian persimmon are added to flour when baking special types of bread. Seeds serve as raw materials for the preparation of a coffee substitute. Wild persimmon leaves are used to make tea. The calorie content of Caucasian persimmon fruits is 53 kcal per 100 grams of fruit. Vitamin C in them is 61%, which allows us to call this plant a natural healer due to its properties that strengthen human immunity, help to resist viral and inflammatory processes in the body. Juice from the fruits of the Caucasian persimmon is an excellent drink for beriberi, after debilitating diseases. The value of Caucasian persimmon fruits lies in their content of monosaccharides, disaccharides, malic acid, tannins, vitamin A, proteins, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, and iron. In this type of persimmon, not only fruits, but also the bark of branches and leaves have useful properties. The bark of the branches contains triterpenoids (taraxol, taraxerone, beta-amirin, hydroxyallbetulin, betulinic acid, ursolic acid acetate, tannins. Vitamin C, n-coumaric acid, tannins, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, leukocyanidin, leukodelphinidin, quinone are found in the leaves. . The fruits of the Caucasian persimmon are used as an expectorant for catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis in combination with other drugs. The healing effect of this plant helps in the treatment of ulcers, abscesses, open wounds. Pectins and tannins found in the fruit help regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the presence of iron, Caucasian persimmon is successfully used for anemia. Carotene under the influence of liver enzymes forms a vitamin that promotes the growth and development of the body, ensuring the normal function of the epithelium of the mucous membranes and skin, increasing the body's resistance to infections. In the Caucasus, persimmon is eaten in large quantities with early forms of toxic goiter. In China and Japan, persimmons treat atherosclerosis, and juice - scurvy, in Thailand - intestinal worms are expelled, in Korea, persimmon is considered an anti-inflammatory agent and is used in the treatment of dysentery, enterocolitis and bronchitis. The effectiveness of a diet rich in persimmons in normalizing lipid metabolism is confirmed by scientific studies. Persimmon fruits have a beneficial effect on the condition of the liver and biliary tract. Persimmon has a pronounced diuretic effect. Persimmon pulp has bactericidal properties, so the inclusion of persimmon in the diet during epidemics contributes to the overall treatment. Persimmon cut in half in some countries is applied to burns and wounds. Persimmon is useful for exhaustion (both nervous and physical) and is very good in the recovery postoperative period. Enuresis is treated with a decoction of the hard tails of the fruit. Traditional medicine uses, in addition to fruits, and persimmon leaves. Dried persimmon leaves are considered biologically active, so tea made from them is useful for the elderly, as well as for patients with anemia. The steamed leaves are applied to festering wounds and abscesses. This type of persimmon is characterized by a high content of tannins, which have an astringent effect, especially in unripe fruits. Because of this, it should be used with extreme caution for people with erosive gastritis, with a stomach ulcer, after operations on the intestines and stomach. If after taking it there is a burning sensation, pain in the epigastric region - it should be excluded from the diet. The risk group also includes people suffering from constipation. Tannin strengthens the stomach and causes hemorrhoids. Due to the high content of tannin, persimmon should not be consumed in the postoperative period (abdominal organs), as well as for people who have developed adhesive bowel disease due to abdominal surgery. A large amount of sugar-containing components - glucose and fructose is dangerous for diabetics, especially insulin-dependent ones. Caucasian persimmon seeds serve as a raw material for the production of activated carbon, and in roasted and crushed form are used as a coffee substitute. Furniture and sports equipment are made from the wood of the tree in a number of countries. Persimmon wood is so refined and delicate that some musical instruments are made from it. The famous black ebony is obtained from persimmon wood.
Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon), Diospyros lotus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Common persimmon (Caucasian persimmon), Diospyros lotus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The common persimmon (Diospyros lotus) is a tasty-fruited tree that can be grown in temperate climates. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing common persimmon: Cultivation:
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