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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Lilac. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Lilac, Syringa. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Syringa Family: Oleander (Oleaceae) Origin: Eurasia Area: Lilac is widely distributed in the temperate climate of Eurasia and North America. Chemical composition: Lilac flowers contain essential oils, coumarins, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids. Economic value: Lilac is grown as an ornamental plant due to its beautiful and fragrant flowers. Also used in landscape design. In some cultures, lilac is used medicinally as a sedative and pain reliever. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, lilac is associated with the goddess Aphrodite. It is said that the goddess created the lilac to attract her beloved Adonis. In Chinese culture, lilac symbolizes femininity, beauty and elegance. In Japanese culture, lilac is considered a symbol of youth and celebration. Lilac is also often associated with love and romance. In Western culture, lilacs are often given as a token of love and devotion. In some European countries, lilac is associated with traditional wedding ceremonies and symbolizes a long and happy life in marriage. Lilac is also considered a symbol of spring and the beginning of a new life. Its fragrance reminds that winter is over and it's time to grow and bloom.
Lilac, Syringa. Description, illustrations of the plant Lilac. Legends, myths, history
Homeland lilac - Asia Minor, Persia. It came to Europe only in the XNUMXth century. In the wild, lilac is found in the Carpathians. It has long been cultivated as a valuable ornamental plant in all places where climatic conditions allow. Lilac gardens are found in many cities around the world. Bushes of white and purple lilacs are beautiful at night, when it seems that spring itself has plunged into their fragrant sea. They are also good at dawn, when lush clusters seem to grow out of dawn and fog. There is a Scandinavian legend about the origin of the lilac. The Scandinavians are sure that the lilac created the sun and the rainbow. The goddess of spring woke up the Sun and his faithful companion Iris (rainbow), mixed the rays of the sun with the colorful rays of the rainbow, began to generously sprinkle them on fresh furrows, meadows, tree branches - and flowers appeared everywhere, and the earth rejoiced from this grace. So they reached Scandinavia, but the rainbow was left with only purple paint. Soon there were so many lilacs here that the Sun decided to mix the colors on the rainbow palette and began to sow white rays, so white joined the purple lilac. And if you believe the ancient Greek legend, then the young Pan, the god of forests and meadows, once met the beautiful river nymph Syringa, the gentle messenger of the morning dawn, and so admired her gentle grace and beauty that he forgot about his fun. Pan decided to speak to Syringa, but she got scared and ran away. Pan ran after her, wanting to calm her down, but the nymph suddenly turned into a fragrant bush with delicate purple flowers. So the name Syringa gave the name to the tree - lilac. The scientific name of lilac comes from the Greek "syrinx", which means "pipe", "pipe". If you extract a soft core from a trunk or branch of a lilac, you can make a pipe, a flute from it. According to Greek mythology, the god Pan invented the flute. He made it from a reed, into which the beautiful nymph Syringa, who was fleeing from his persecution, turned. In the Balkans, there is such a legend about lilacs. Somehow, a powerful deity unleashed its wrath on the human race, forcing it to rain both days and nights, not stopping even for a moment. Rivers and lakes overflowed, overflowed their banks, and a terrible flood began, washing away everything in its path. Frightened people rushed to the mountains, hoping to escape on the peaks. But the water rose higher and higher, the highest mountain is about to disappear under the water. And then the young and beautiful shepherd decided to sacrifice himself to an angry god. With a plea for compassion, he rushed into the abyss. And God took pity, the rain stopped pouring, the water subsided, the close young men were saved. God spared him too. And the whole earth around was covered with thickets of green bushes, which were studded with fragrant tassels of white and purple color. This was the lilac. The girls used lilac for divination: it was believed that if you find a five-petalled lilac flower, then you will be happy. With special attention, young girls peered into the fragrant brushes of lilacs, looking for flowers that, instead of the usual four petals, had five, and sometimes more. White lilac is distinguished by a special abundance of such flowers; in lilac they are much less common. Having found such a flower, the lucky ones dried it and kept it in books, or ate it for good luck. But it happens that lilac flowers instead of four petals have only three. Then, on the contrary, these flowers were considered a misfortune, and they were avoided in every possible way. True, not everywhere there was such a touching and tender attitude towards lilacs. In England, lilac, oddly enough, was considered a flower of misfortune. An old English proverb says that one who wears lilac will never wear a wedding ring. If a girl sends a lilac branch to a wooing groom, this means a refusal.
In the East, lilac flowers are considered a symbol of the parting of lovers. For a long time in England there was only purple lilac, and with the appearance of white, such a legend arose. They say that when one rich lord offended one young girl who trusted him and she died of grief, her friends who saw her off covered her entire grave with whole mountains of lilacs. This lilac was purple, and when they came to the grave the next day, they were incredibly surprised to see that it had turned white. In Russia, lilacs have always grown in old landowners' estates. It was grown in gardens and parks, planted near mansions. When spring came, these gardens were flooded with a sea of blooming and fragrant lilacs. It was an integral element of the life of Russian estates. Many Russian artists liked to depict lilacs. Suffice it to recall at least the amazingly poetic canvases of M. Vrubel. An excellent example of this is the painting "Lilac" (1900). In the shade of a lilac bush, we distinguish the figure of a girl. The figurine of either a girl or a fairy darkens in the lilac bushes. Passionate love for nature helps the artist to convey its beauty. Lush clusters, flashing with purple fire, live, breathe, and smell fragrant in the radiance of the starry night. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Lilac. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
The memory of spring, of wonderful May, is associated with lilac, when renewed nature appears in all its glory: bushes and trees are covered with fresh fragrant greenery, meadows are dotted with colorful flowers, whole choirs of birds are heard in the forests, bees and bumblebees buzz on the edge of the flowers brightly colored butterflies, just emerging from pupae, flutter, and a person breathes easily, wants to live and live ... How right the poet is, exclaiming: "The lilacs have not yet faded, / And their sweet breath excites the chest, / Sometimes you want to fall on your knees, / Say to the spring: Do not leave! Stay..." Lilac, weighed down with large tassels of its lovely white and purple flowers, is now the best decoration of our gardens. Its wonderful smell is felt from afar, and somehow one involuntarily reaches out to pick flowers to decorate their home with them. About the origin of this lovely flower we find in Mantegazza the following poetic tale: “It was April, and the earth was looking forward to heavenly gifts. Wanting to see the first bird nests on the bushes and branches of trees and the first flowers in the fields and meadows, the goddess of spring set off to wake the sun, which seemed to be still immersed in a sweet slumber. "Get up," she told him, "it's already the first of April, and from the earth the noise of barely restrained passionate desires and sad sighs rises to the sky." Hearing this call, the sun hastened to rise and after a few minutes, accompanied by the goddess of spring and her inseparable companion Iris (rainbow), descended to earth. Then the goddess of spring, taking the rays of the sun and mixing with them the colorful rays of the rainbow, began to pour them in full handfuls on the furrows of the fields, on the surface of the meadows, on the branches of trees, in the crevices of rocks, in a word, wherever the earth was only waiting for this all-life-giving grace. And wherever these life-giving rays descended, pink, red, pale blue and dark blue, golden and snow-white, speckled and striped flowers immediately grew everywhere, forming either stars, or umbrellas, or bells, or cups, or ears, then brushes; shape and color merged with each other in the intoxication of love - the whole earth rejoiced among hugs and kisses ... Thus the sun tirelessly continued its creative work for whole days and, sweeping with the goddess of spring and the rainbow through the whole earth, reached its extreme limits - Scandinavia, where it usually sleeps for months, where flowers are poor and rare, and where the ice that envelops the earth for a long time, penetrates into it almost to whole arshins. (Arshin is an old Russian measure of length; equal to 4,45 cm.) Here, tired, it already wanted to stop its work, but the goddess of spring, as a woman, as a more compassionate being, seeing this country poor in vegetation, took pity on her and turned to the sun with a request: "Almighty, rich sun, let me dress these cold countries with flowers. True, the rainbow has spent almost all the colors at its disposal, but there is still a lot of purple. Let me decorate these countries even with purple." "Good," answered the sun, "so sow purple!" And the goddess of spring, having collected a handful of the remaining extreme, lilac, rays of the solar spectrum, began to throw them on the bushes and fields of Scandinavia, and wherever these rays fell, there immediately appeared whole hundreds, whole thousands of wonderful brushes of lilac. Soon, however, there were so many lilacs here that the sun, turning to the goddess of spring, exclaimed: "Well, that's enough, that's enough, don't you notice that everywhere you can only see that it's purple!" “Nothing,” answered the goddess, “do not bother me! After all, these unfortunate, ice-bound lands are completely alien to the voluptuousness of a rose, and the kiss of a fragrant violet, and the intoxicating smell of magnolia and tuberose, so let’s give them, at least, whole forests, whole seas of lilacs." But this time the sun god did not obey her and, taking a palette from the hands of the rainbow, mixed the remainder of all the seven primary colors on it and began to sow the white rays obtained from their mixing on bushes and trees. And the result was a white lilac, which, joining the lilac, formed a gentle, pleasant contrast with it ... " That is why the lilac begins to bloom from the very first warm days of spring and nowhere blooms so abundantly and luxuriously as in Sweden and Norway - this country that amaze the whole world with its amazing physical and moral strength...
In Europe, lilac is a foreigner. Her homeland is Asia Minor, Persia, from where she came to us only in the 1562th century. It was first received in XNUMX, when Angerius Busbeg, having received it from the East, brought it to Vienna from Constantinople, where he was under Sultan Soliman as the ambassador of Emperor Ferdinand I. Around the same time, apparently, she also came to England, since when describing the park of Queen Elizabeth's favorite country castle - Nonsec, divorced back in the reign of Henry VIII, it is said that there were several marble pools, around one of which grew 6 lilac bushes, distinguished by a remarkably pleasant smell ... This description was made in the reign of Charles II, who presented both the castle and the park to one of his favorites, who, having brought it into decline, then sold everything that was valuable in it. As a result, in the 40th century lilac was even more rare in Europe, but its unpretentiousness in relation to the soil, its endurance at the rather severe temperature of Central Europe at that time and its wonderful fragrant flowers soon made it a universal favorite. And after XNUMX years, there was almost no garden or park in Europe where it would not grow in abundance. She was especially liked in Germany: they made bouquets from her, wove wreaths, and almost did not meet at home, wherever in the spring she did not serve as a decoration for rooms. Children amuse themselves with it, as they do now, making from individual flowers, sticking them one into the other, crosses, wreaths, which are then dried as a keepsake. Then, with special attention, they peered into the flowers, looking for the so-called happiness - those flowers that, instead of the usual four lobes (bends) of the corolla tube, have five, six, ten or more of them. The reason for such a special increase in the limbs of the lilac flower is usually the fusion of several flowers together - an ability that is mainly characteristic of lilacs. Such fused flowers sometimes have up to 30 or even more limbs. It is they who are considered happiness, and therefore every young girl, having received a bouquet of lilacs, the first thing she does is look for these ugly flowers, and the more blades she finds a flower, the more it portends her happiness. White lilac is distinguished by a special abundance of such flowers; they are much rarer in lilac, and therefore it is considered much more interesting to find a similar ugly flower among lilac. Having found such a flower, the lucky ones usually either dry it and store it in a book, or eat it directly. About this divination among young people, one can often find the following poem going from hand to hand, written by some unknown author: "Do you remember, friend, just in the spring, // On a fragrant, May day, // You and I cut off // Blooming lilacs. // A corolla about five leaves // You searched between the flowers // And barely audibly, like a chick, / / She chirped a lot of words: // "All four, all four, // I still don't see five, // So, happiness in this world // I, poor thing, cannot be found." Then follows the story of how the lucky flower of five bends was finally found and how it brought happiness, and it all ends with the following stanza: "And since then, as soon as I know // That lilacs are blooming in the garden, // I remember with love // Our happy May day..." But it also happens that lilac flowers instead of four limbs have only three. Then, on the contrary, these flowers are considered a misfortune, and they are avoided in every possible way. In a word, in this respect, lilac has something in common with clover and sour, the leaves of which are also considered happiness when their number is more than three. Such happy, four-lobed leaves of these plants are often made of enamel and gold and serve as decoration for brooches, rings, bracelets, in general, various ladies' jewelry, and their images are often placed on writing paper, envelopes, purses and various knick-knacks and accessories of the ladies' toilet. . In England, lilac, in a strange way, is considered only a flower of grief and misfortune, which probably comes from its purple, turning into a pale, as if cadaverous shade, color. An old English proverb even says that he who wears lilac will never wear a wedding ring. And therefore, to send a branch of lilac to a wooing groom means to refuse the hand of the girl for whom he is wooing. This polite method is often resorted to there. For a long time in England there was only purple lilac, and there was such a legend about the appearance of white. They say that when one rich lord offended one young girl who trusted him and she died of grief, her friends who saw her off covered her entire grave with whole mountains of lilacs. This lilac was purple, and when they came to the grave the next day, they were incredibly surprised to see that it had turned white. It was the first white lilac in England. Her bushes are shown now in the cemetery of the town of Way in Hertsfordshire. Lilac flowers have a wonderfully pleasant, delicate smell of bitter almonds. This smell occurs, as it is supposed, like other flowers smelling of almonds, from the presence in them of a minimum amount of hydrocyanic acid - that terrible poison, 5/100 grams of which is enough to poison a person, and whose presence in the air is 1/10 per a cubic meter is deadly for insects and even animals breathing this air.
According to the research of the French chemist Bourquelot, hydrocyanic acid is found not only in flowers, but also in lilac leaves. This probably explains the healing effect of these leaves, which in Russian folk medicine are often used to treat wounds that do not heal for a long time. Their action in this case is amazing, and we have heard more than once about the healing of such wounds, the treatment of which was not amenable to scientific medicine. The leaves are applied fresh to the wound, having previously thoroughly washed them, and changed as they wither. By the way, we note that this terrible poison is also found in the bark and flowers of bird cherry, in fresh leaves of cherries and peaches and in the seeds of apricots, cherries and peaches, in apple seeds. But the largest dose of poison is contained in bitter almonds - ten of them are enough to cause death even to an adult. (Common almonds are found in two varieties - sweet and bitter, identical in appearance, but sharply different in chemical composition and taste of seeds. Bitter almonds are poisonous, children can be poisoned by five to ten tonsils. Bitter-almond trees grow wild in the mountains of Kopet-Dag (Turkmenistan), in the Western Tien Shan, in southern Armenia.) Its presence is also found in the seeds of mountain ash, dogwood, hawthorn, and even in the seeds and flowers of our wild meadowsweet (Spiraea ulmaria), growing in ditches and along the banks of small streams, the pleasant strong smell of which somewhat resembles the smell of lilac flowers. The scientific name of lilac - Syringa vulgaris comes from the Greek word syrinx - pipe, pipe, because if you extract the soft cork core from a piece of a branch or trunk of a lilac, you can make something like a whistle or pipe out of them, and a pipe, according to ancient According to legend, it was invented by the mythological god Pan, who made it from a reed, into which the beautiful nymph Syringa, or Syrinx, who fled in fear from his caresses and persecution, turned. About this transformation in his charming "Metamorphoses" Ovid narrates as follows: "At the foot of the verdant hills of Arcadia, among the forest nymphs, lived a famous nymph named Syrinx. Once returning from the mountains, the god Pan met her ... The nymph started to run, but was stopped by the flow of the waters of the Ladona River. And she began to beg her sisters - the waters of this river so that they, giving her a different image, let her in. At that time, Pan overtook her, wanted to hug her, but instead of Syrinx he hugged the swamp reed, into which she turned and which, swayed by the wind, emitted whistling sounds similar to a complaint ... " In French, lilac is called Lilas, from which the name of the flower is derived - lilac. The word is Persian and simply means "flower". In the East, where, as we know, the lilac comes from, it serves as an emblem of a sad parting, and therefore the lover usually gives it to his beloved there only when they part or part forever. In Germany, it is often called instead of Flieder - its real name - Hollunder (elderberry), mixing it with this plant and, as a result, attributing to it a lot of legends, beliefs and healing properties inherent in elderberry. Here you can often find very large old lilac bushes, but the lilac of the Berlin "Charite" hospital is especially remarkable for its extraordinary size. This lilac is over a hundred years old. Planted in 1801, it has grown so much that its three bushes occupy a space of 100 steps in circumference and 35 in diameter. They are surrounded by a beautiful metal fence and now look more like large trees with several thick trunks and many very large branches. The lower branches, creeping along the ground, give numerous shoots, from which new large bushes are formed. In the spring, when the lilac is covered with thousands of wonderful purple tassels, it presents an indescribable sight. And its intoxicating smell is so strong that it is felt throughout the neighborhood. It is a pity if this age-old lilac tree is destroyed, as it was thought to be done at one time, making room for the construction of a new hospital barracks.
In recent years, not content with the lovely decoration that the natural flowering of lilacs in the open air in spring presents us, gardeners contrive to make white lilacs bloom in winter, forcing them out in greenhouses in a special, invented way. The lilac expelled in this way blooms on small bushes planted in pots, and is one of the best decorations for our rooms, especially since it blooms for quite a long time and does not require special care, except for constantly keeping the earth moist. Those who want to make lilacs bloom in winter can easily do it themselves. To do this, it is enough to take a tree with buds already formed on it in the fall and, planting it in a pot of earth, put it in a cool place and let it freeze a little in winter, and a month before Christmas, dip its branches in warm (+30 ° C) water and, after keeping it in it for about 6 - 8 hours, put it in a warm and bright place near the stove. Under the influence of this warmth, the buds will begin to develop and produce flowers and leaves. Of course, these will not be such luxurious specimens covered with abundant flowers that we see on the windows of flower shops or in general in winter at specialist gardeners, but nevertheless, our entire tree will be in flowers, and for quite some time. They say that the same flowering can be achieved even easier: cutting lilac branches even in winter and placing them for several hours in a cool dark room, from where they are then taken out, dipped for 2-3 hours in warm (+30 ° C) water and then put near the stove in a bottle of water. But, of course, the lilac has the main meaning not in winter, when it can serve as a pleasure only for a few wealthy people, but in the spring in the garden, where it is our best spring beauty ... Author: Zolotnitsky N.
Lilac. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
An ancient Greek legend tells: the young Pan - the god of forests and meadows - once met the beautiful river nymph Syringa - the gentle messenger of the morning dawn, and so admired her gentle grace and beauty that he forgot about his fun. Pan decided to speak to Syringa, but she got scared and ran away. Pan ran after her, wanting to calm her down, but the nymph suddenly turned into a fragrant bush with delicate purple flowers. Pan wept inconsolably near the bush and since then became sad, walking through the forest thickets alone, and tried to do good to everyone. And the name Syringa became the Latin name for lilac. Another legend claims that lilac flowers came to us when spring drove snow from the meadows and raised the sun high. The sun, accompanied by a rainbow, went over the earth. Then the spring began to take the rays of the sun, mix them with the rays of the rainbow, and, moving from south to north, throw them on the ground. And where the rays fell, yellow, orange, red, blue and blue flowers blossomed. When spring reached the North, only purple and white were left. And below were the Scandinavian countries. Then the spring mixed the sunshine and the lilac of the rainbow and threw them on the small bushes, which were covered with lilac flowers. Then the spring was left with one white color. Spring did not spare him and generously scattered the white color over the ground, and from it turned out a white star-shaped lilac. The memory of spring, the wonderful month of May, is associated with lilac, when nature, awakened from winter, covers trees and bushes with fresh fragrant greenery, sows meadows with colorful flowers. Lilac comes from, according to some legends, from the Balkan Peninsula, according to others, from Asia Minor. Four hundred years ago they brought it to Vienna, and from there it began to spread rapidly throughout Europe. It turned out to be an unpretentious and frost-resistant plant, which took root even on the Solovetsky Islands. It got its name from the Greek "syrinx" - "pipe", because shepherds carved tubular pipes from its wood. Anyone who has ever heard the melodic sounds of a flute made of lilacs will not forget their tune all his life. And in Rus' it is also called chenille, from the word "blue", since the active color determines one of the shades of the plant's inflorescences.
More than six hundred decorative types of lilacs are known in horticulture. They have a variety of shades and shapes of flowers: white and pink, purple and lilac, simple and double. From varietal lilacs create specialized gardens - syringaria. For those who love lilacs very much, we can recommend how to make them bloom in winter. To do this, a small tree with buds formed on it must be planted in a pot of earth, put in a cool place and allowed to freeze a little. And a month before flowering, fill the ground with water (temperature 30 ° C) and put it near the battery. Lilac will bloom and remind you of sunny May days. And one more tip: white lilac can be dyed blue, soft pink, golden yellow or carmine red. To do this, the base of its stems is flattened with hammer blows to exclude the possibility of air bubbles blocking the vessels of the plant, and then the stems are placed for two hours in a vessel with tinted water. After two hours, the flowers are colored, and they are transferred to clean water. And to keep the bouquet longer, you can add one or two grams of citric acid per liter of water to the water. Purple lilac looks great in a bouquet with yellow tulips, white in combination with pink pianos. Bushes of white and purple lilacs are beautiful on a moonlit night, when it seems that spring itself has plunged into the fragrant sea that swept over the dormant garden, they are also good at dawn, when lush clusters seem to grow out of dawn and fog. Author: Krasikov S.
Lilac, Syringa. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Lilac, Syringa. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Lilac (Syringa) is a shrub or small tree known for its fragrant flowers, which can be white, purple, pink or blue. They are widely used for decorative purposes in horticulture and landscaping. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing lilacs: Cultivation:
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