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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Why is it hot at the equator? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Why is it hot at the equator? Every time we study a map or a globe, the equator seems like such a big detail that it's hard to believe it's an imaginary line. You can cross it many times and not notice it. This may explain the commitment of sailors to celebrate "crossing the line", as they call it, by commemorating the event. The word "equator" comes from a Latin term meaning "to balance". That's what the equator does. It divides the globe into northern and southern hemispheres. This imaginary line runs along the surface of the Earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles. Imaginary lines drawn along the Earth's surface parallel to the equator are called parallels. The equator is the zero line, and the lines above and below it determine the latitude when finding the location of a point on the earth's surface. The surface of the Earth is divided on maps into regions. Starting from the north, these are the Arctic, the northern temperate zone, the tropics, the southern temperate zone and the Antarctic. The tropical zone, or equatorial zone, extends from the equator to 23,5 degrees north and south latitude. In this region, the sun's rays fall vertically, so it is always hot here. Let's see what this is connected with: as you know, the Earth's axis is inclined to its orbit around the Sun. Therefore, the equator is also inclined to the Earth's orbit, and this angle is exactly 23,5 degrees. As a result of this tilt, during the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, direct sunlight hits the surface of the Earth either north of the equator, or on the equator, or south of the equator. The rays of the Sun can illuminate the surface of the Earth vertically only up to a latitude of 23,5 degrees. This explains why the rays of the Sun can fall vertically only in the equatorial zone. Now you understand that because this happens all year round, it is very hot at the equator! Author: Likum A.
Which nation was the first to invent concentration camps? If you still think this is Germany, then you live in the stone age. The usual answer to this question is "Britain", referring to the internment camps for families set up by the British during the Second Boer War of 1899-1902. In fact, the authorship of the idea belongs to the Spaniards. The first similarity of concentration camps appeared in 1895 in Cuba: during the war to preserve their colony, the Spanish authorities had the idea to "concentrate" the local population in one place, so that it would be easier to control them. The war in Cuba ended in defeat for Spain, and in 1898 she had to withdraw troops from the island. The United States immediately jumped into the resulting vacuum, establishing now American military influence in Cuba - until the Castro revolution in 1959. The Spanish idea of reconcentration was taken up by the British, who faced a similar situation in South Africa. The camps became a necessity because of the British policy of burning Boer farms to the ground. As a result, a huge number of refugees have accumulated in the country. Then the British decided to collect all the women and children abandoned by the Boer detachments in special camps in order to deprive them of the opportunity to replenish the enemy's supplies. In total, forty-five covered camps were organized for Boer women and children, and forty-six for black African laborers and their families. Despite humane intentions, living conditions in the camps worsened every day. Food was scarce and disease spread rapidly. By 1902, 28 Boers (of whom 000 were children) and 22 Africans had died in the camps—twice as many as the soldiers who died in battle. Shortly thereafter, during attempts to colonize South-West Africa (now Namibia), the Germans created their first concentration camps. Men, women and children from the local tribes - Herero and Nama - were arrested, thrown into prisons, forced to work in camps. Between 1904 and 1907, 100 Africans died of violence and starvation - 000% of all Herero and 80% of Nama. In 1985, the UN recognized the attempted extermination of the indigenous inhabitants of Namibia as the first act of genocide in the XNUMXth century.
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