What is Darwin's theory? Detailed answer

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What is Darwin's theory? Detailed answer

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What is Darwin's theory?

For a long time people believed (and some religious groups still think so) that each form of life appeared on Earth separately and nothing ever changed. They also believed that the Earth itself was about four thousand years old. Scientists claim that they have shown the incorrectness of these judgments. Life forms have undergone many changes over their long history. They went very slowly. All these changes can be summed up in one term - evolution. Evolution describes many of the changes that have taken place, and is also a theory that explains them. The man who laid the foundations of the modern theory of evolution was Charles Darwin.

Darwin said that everything in life develops and the descendants belonging to the same species may differ from the parental forms. These ideas were not new or unusual. But Darwin suggested exactly how evolution could have gone. Darwin introduced the concept of natural selection. He said that nature "selects" the organisms most adapted to survive in the "struggle for existence." Each organism is slightly different from other organisms, has its own individual characteristics. Some have features that make them more survivable than others. Consequently, they live longer and have more offspring.

Thus, "preferred" features are passed on to more descendants. Little by little life forms became so different from their ancestors that biologists classified them into separate and distinct species. Darwin considered this a consequence of the formation of new species. His theory still forms the basis of modern concepts of evolution.

Later, biologists discovered that certain tiny chemical particles, called genes, determine the characteristics that are passed from one generation to the next. Genes change from time to time, in other words, they mutate. Altered genes cause changes in traits, and if these changes are conducive to survival, they can be passed on to subsequent generations.

Author: Likum A.

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