Establishing communications and preparing means of signaling. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Establishing communications and preparing means of signaling. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Despite the most difficult situation in which one person or the whole group has fallen, there is always a chance to be saved. But it is quite difficult to notice even a group of people from the air, especially in conditions of limited visibility. Therefore, it is very important to know and skillfully apply signaling means that will speed up the detection and rescue of victims.

Signaling is a decisive factor in ensuring survival, especially during passive waiting, i.e. in stationary parking conditions.

A good means for signaling is the bright clothing of the victims, which is laid out in an open space in the form of geometric shapes or standard international signals:

Doctor Needed: Serious Bodily Injuries	I
Need medicines	II
We are unable to move	X
Need food and water	F
Firearms and ammunition required	∨∨
Map and compass required	□
Need signal light with battery and radio link	╏
Specify the direction of travel	K
I follow this direction	↑
Let's try to take off	\|>
The ship is seriously damaged	\|┥
Here you can land safely	Δ
Requires fuel and oil	L
Everything is fine	LL
No	N
Yes	Y
I do not understand	┛┖
We found all the people	LL

International distress signals can be trampled in the snow or laid out from tree branches. When laying out letters, the only condition is the color of the material used: it must contrast with the overall surface.

Smoke signal fires are used to indicate their location during the day. There will be a lot of smoke if you add grass and damp moss to the fire. In cloudy weather, black smoke is clearly visible, which is obtained by adding pieces of rubber, insulation, oily rags to the fire.

At night, an electric lamp is used for signaling. Its light is detected from the air at a distance of up to 4 km. A bright fire is clearly visible at night.

In addition, on the slopes of hills, edges, strips of foil can be laid out, slightly crushing them. The folds on the foil form many reflective rays, which increases the probability of signal detection.

Whistle is used for intra-group emergency communication and distress signaling. It is heard at a distance 2-3 times more distant than a scream.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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