List of terms OBZhD and GO. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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List of terms OBZhD and GO. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Accident - an incident in a technical system that is not accompanied by the death of people. At the same time, restoring the system is impossible or not economically feasible.

Rescue work - actions to save people, material and cultural values, protect the natural environment in the emergency zone, localize emergency situations and suppress or bring hazardous factors to minimum levels of impact.

Atmosphere - the gaseous shell of the Earth, consisting of a mixture of various gases of natural and anthropogenic origin, water vapor and dust particles.

Balloon - a vessel having one or two necks with a hole for screwing in valves, fittings or plugs. In working condition is under pressure.

Security - the property of the "human-environment" system to maintain interaction with minimal damage to human, natural or material resources.

Safety of vital functions - the science of comfortable and safe interaction of a person with the environment.

Barrel - a cylindrical vessel that can be rolled or placed on the ends without additional supports.

harmful substance - a substance which, when in contact with the body, can cause work-related injuries, occupational diseases or health problems.

Harmful factor - a negative impact on a person, leading to a disease.

Temporary allowable concentrations (levels) of the content of radionuclides, that is, those that are set for a certain period of time during a radiation accident. Depend on the possibility of penetration of radionuclides into the body with food, water, as well as on the amount, type and severity of radiation.

civil defense - a section of the science of life safety (protection in emergency situations), which determines the negative consequences of accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters and other phenomena; develops and uses means to protect living organisms and eliminate the consequences of negative phenomena.

Natural radiation background - equivalent dose of ionizing radiation coming from space and from naturally distributed long-lived natural radionuclides in the surface layers of the Earth, atmosphere, food, soil, water, plants and living organisms.

Surveillance zone - the territory outside the sanitary protection zone where radiation control is carried out.

Sanitary protection zone - the area around the source of ionizing radiation, where the level of exposure of people under normal operation conditions may exceed the established limit.

Ionizing radiation (radiation) - a stream of particles with energy sufficient to ionize atoms.

Catastrophe - a major accident, accompanied by the death or loss of people.

Collective dose is the total dose received by a group of exposed people.

Concentration - weight amount of a harmful substance per unit volume of contaminated air or water, measured in mg/l or mg/m³.

Concentrators - plant or animal organisms that intensively and selectively accumulate certain RA elements.

Nuclide - a type of atom. Each nuclide has the properties of its nucleus. A stable nuclide is not capable of RA decay, the radionuclide decays with the emission of ionizing radiation.

Irradiation (radiation impact) --the effect of radiation on an object.

Irradiation general - radiation exposure in which all parts of the body are irradiated approximately equally.

hazard - a negative impact that leads to injury or death of a living organism.

Poisoning- the result of exposure to a chemical substance on a living organism, which leads to illness or death of the organism.

Incident - the result of exposure to a hazardous factor causing damage to living organisms and the environment.

Emergency warning - a set of measures taken in advance and aimed at minimizing the risk of emergencies, at preserving people's health, and reducing damage to the environment.

radioactive substance - a substance containing radionuclides and is a source of radiation.

Radioactivity- the ability of radionuclides to RA decays with the emission of ionizing radiation.

radioactive accident - loss of control over the source of ionizing radiation due to equipment malfunction, incorrect actions of personnel, natural disasters or other reasons that will lead to exposure of people above the established standards or RA contamination of the environment.

Radio projectors- substances that increase resistance to radiation.

Region - "dimensionless" concept, denoting any territory with common characteristics of the state of the biosphere or technosphere.

Vessel, working under pressure - a hermetically sealed container designed for conducting chemical and thermal processes, as well as for storing and transporting compressed, liquefied and soluble gases and liquids under pressure.

Technology - a set of techniques and methods of processing in production processes.

Technosphere - a region of the biosphere transformed by people into a space that ensures their comfortable living (region of a city, industrial zone).

Toxicity - the ability of harmful substances to have a damaging effect. It is characterized by a toxic dose (toxodose), which is taken equal to the product of the average concentration of a harmful substance in the air and the time spent in this atmosphere and is measured in g-min / m³. In case of damage through the skin, toxodosis is determined by the mass of the liquid substance that has entered the skin, and is measured in mg / person.

Cisterna - a vessel permanently mounted on the frame of a railway car, on the chassis of a car (trailer) or other vehicle.

Emergency- the situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident, natural hazard, catastrophe, natural or other disaster, which may or has caused casualties, damage to health or the environment, significant material losses and violation of people's living conditions.

Authors: Grinin A.S., Novikov V.N.

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