History of psychology. Psychology in the Italian Renaissance (most important)

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History of psychology. Psychology in the Italian Renaissance (most important)

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12. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE AGE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

The emergence of the beginnings of capitalism in certain cities of the European Mediterranean took place in the 1th-XNUMXth centuries. During this period of time, the process of liberation of the individual from the fetters of feudalism was going on. This was accompanied by a fierce struggle with the ecclesiastical theological vision of the soul. The nature of any teaching was determined by the attitude towards this concept.

The first to fight against theology was pantheism, which led to the transition to explaining the universe from a materialistic point of view. New ideas arose, reflecting the unity of man and nature, directed against hierarchization, dualism and Christian theology. These ideas gave rise to a new form of teaching, which is that the cosmos is compared with a deity, and man with the cosmos.

The pantheistic ideas and teachings of Ibn Rushd were the first to penetrate into Italy. The University of Padua was under the patronage of Venice, which at that time was actively fighting the Roman Church. She actively supported everything that could undermine the ideological stronghold of the Pope. The Neoplatonists, who had an academy in Florence, argued with the Averoists of the University of Padua. But soon the Neoplatonists began to be attacked from the other side. Pietro Pomponazzi's treatise, entitled "On the Immortality of the Soul", laid the foundation for these attacks.

The treatise of P. Pomponazzi contributed to the emergence of a new movement of the Alexandrists, in which anti-clerical motives sounded even more decisively. The Avveroists, and the Alexandrians in general, played a huge role in the emergence of a new ideological atmosphere.

The fragile natural scientific thoughts of the Renaissance could not develop their own generalizing structures. The views of the ideologists coincided with the concept of the thinkers of the ancient world, borrowing their aspirations for empiricism, for sensory knowledge of reality. Bernardino Telesio led the new empiricist-naturalist movement.

B. Telesio became the developer of the theory of affects, which marked the beginning of the subsequent formation of materialistic views.

One of the outstanding scientists of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, who embodied in his writings a new version of the relationship to reality, characterized by a synthesis of sensory contemplation, theoretical reflection and practical action.

Leonardo da Vinci, using a scalpel, tried to penetrate the essence of human behavior. He explored the structure of the "four general human states": crying, joy, strife, and physical (labor) effort.

Leonardo da Vinci, being a fundamentally new type of researcher, conducted anatomical experiments, trying to study biomechanics, that is, the structure and operation of all motor functions and body systems.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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