History of psychology. Kurt Lewin's field theory (most important)

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History of psychology. Kurt Lewin's field theory (most important)

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66. FIELD THEORY KURT LEVIN

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) - associate professor at the University of Berlin who emigrated in the 1930s. in the USA and since 1945 headed the group dynamics research center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Like many scientists of that time, K. Lewin turned to physics in search of a “new mode of thinking”, in an attempt to make psychology a more precise science.

The "field" theory of K. Levin is not a separate psychological theory, but a system of ideas that can be applied in all branches of psychology.

The concept of "field" includes both external factors! (environment) and internal (personality). Any activity takes place in the field and is determined by its conditions.

Basic theses of field theory.

1. The logic of human behavior must be sought in the situation under study. Moreover, the situation should be considered as it is perceived by the acting subject himself.

2. The explanation should be based on psychology, first of all, it is necessary to take into account and analyze the factors perceived by the subject, both those that really exist and those that are presented only in experiences.

3. The behavior of the subject is due to the action of certain forces.

4. Similar behavior is not always due to similar reasons.

5. First of all, the factors that exist in the present time influence the behavior. Past and expected moments should be considered second.

6. To simplify the processing of psychological situations, they can be represented in algebraic form.

K. Levin proposed the following formula for recording psychological situations:

V = f(P, U),

where V - behavior;

P - personal factors!; U - environment.

K. Levin applied his field theory to a variety of psychological problems, including the behavior of mentally handicapped individuals, the behavior of small groups, problems associated with the difference in mentalities, infant and child behavior.

Science, according to K. Levin, goes through three stages:

1) speculative - several major theories are being created that claim to be a complete description of the area under study;

2) descriptive - much attention is paid to facts, theories are formed "from practice";

3) constructive - theories are formed that allow explaining any phenomenon. K. Levin expounded his views in the books Dynamic Theory of Personality and Principles of Topological Psychology.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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