History of psychology. The Teaching of Reflection (Most Important)

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History of psychology. The Teaching of Reflection (Most Important)

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36. DOCTRINE OF REFLECTION

Reflection (from Latin reflecsio - "call back") - a concept that denotes the display, as well as the study of cognitive action. In various philosophical systems, it had a diverse content. J. Locke considered reflection to be the key of special knowledge, when observation rushes to internal acts of consciousness, while sensation has external things as its object. For K. Leibniz, reflection is nothing more than an interest in what is happening in us. According to D. Hume, ideas are reflections on impressions acquired from outside.

For G. Hegel, reflection is a mutual image of one in the other, for example, in the essence of the phenomenon. The term "reflect" means "to concentrate consciousness on oneself, to think about one's mental state."

The main components of the reflective ability, peculiar only to man:

1) self-observation - observation focused on oneself;

2) self-esteem - understanding oneself, one's physical and intellectual potentials, goals and motives of behavior, attitude towards people and the surrounding reality;

3) self-consciousness of oneself as a member of society, a team. An important element is self-knowledge. Many scientists compare reflection with self-awareness, but most researchers draw a parallel with self-knowledge.

The leading role in the study of the reflective ability of a person and its components is assigned to S. L. Rubinshtein, K. K. Platonov, I. S. Kon, as well as their followers. Other ancient and modern philosophers and psychologists also made a great contribution to the study of reflection.

Understanding himself as a personal evolution, a person involuntarily comes to understanding the need for self-education and self-control. Some of his qualities for himself and for society are unacceptable. As a result, for a successful life, it is necessary to realize self-development and correction of certain personality traits.

At the beginning of ontogenesis, consciousness is focused on the external world. Such consciousness can already be designated as reflective. According to V.P. Zinchenko, it contains:

1) meaning - a set of subject-verbal meanings and representations studied in the past experience that make up the content of the collective consciousness;

2) meaning - subjective-personal awareness of what is happening: life circumstances and information coming from outside. Each person in the process of upbringing and training independently adopts certain meanings and concepts, therefore, puts his own meaning into the ongoing phenomena of personal and social life.

Reflection - understanding the personal "I". Therefore, its main function is reflexive, which characterizes the essence of consciousness. Since personality traits are revealed through communication and behavior, a person compares his external manifestations by observing the reaction of those present, correcting personal manifestations and self-esteem.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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