История психологии. Когнитивная психология (самое важное)

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История психологии. Когнитивная психология (самое важное)

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68. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Cognitive psychology (CP) (from the Latin cognition - “knowledge, cognition”) is a branch of psychology directed against behaviorism. KP advocated the inclusion of the role of mental processes in the analysis of behavioral responses. One of the founders of the Communist Party was A. Newell. But the most significant works on CP belong to W. Neisser, D. Brodbenthui, etc. CP was taken as a basis in the works of neobehaviorists (E. Tolman, D. Miller, K. Pribram, etc.), who included cognitive and motivational components in the structure behavior. It followed from this that a person’s behavior directly depends on the level of his cognitive abilities. If we take into account the connection between CP and the behavioristic direction, we can see that the “stimulus-response” formula includes not only external stimuli, but also internal ones (ideas, desires, human self-awareness). W. Neisser believed that cognition is nothing more than the process of changing incoming information for the convenience of its preservation, accumulation and subsequent use.

In the literal sense, KP is the psychology of knowing the soul and human behavior. Some scientists argue that CP can be considered as an addition to humanistic psychology, these directions arose almost at the same time - in the late 1950s and early 1960s. At the first stages of its development, the CP studied the process of information processing from its hitting the receptors to receiving a response. At these stages, short-term and long-term memory were considered. In the course of further research, it was found that knowledge, as well as other cognitive processes, plays one of the first roles in the "theater" of human behavior.

In the works of some scientists, a person was considered as a system for which the search and processing of information is of the greatest importance - something close to a computer is obtained. On the basis of what the so-called "first cognitive revolution" arose - comparing the course of various processes in humans with similar processes in a computer.

The "second cognitive revolution" arose at a time when scientists were no longer satisfied with the results they were getting. This served as the birth of a qualitatively new direction in the CP, which brought to the fore the idea that a person, performing a certain task, uses symbolic systems, in particular, language.

The disadvantage of the CP is that within its framework there is not a single theory that explains the cognitive processes and their course, there is no reliance on the cultural development of a person. Only the mechanisms of the processes are considered.

KP is quite a promising direction, which attracts many researchers of our time.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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