History of psychology. French sociological school (most important)

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History of psychology. French sociological school (most important)

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61. FRENCH SCHOOL OF SOCIOLOGY

The main representatives of the French sociological school: C. Saint-Simon, O. Comte, E. Durkheim. The central components of the teachings of C. Saint-Simon were the following provisions:

1) the history of human society goes through three stages, which correspond to diverse ways of thinking: polytheism and slavery, theism and feudalism, positivism and industrialization;

2) using the methods of scientific positivism, one can discover the laws of social modification and social organization;

3) the unification of modern society and management should be in the hands of researchers and industrialists, since officials, lawyers and representatives of religious denominations are unproductive and parasitic in their origin;

4) the crisis of modern society can be resolved with the help of a new faith, formed on positivism and under the control of sociologists.

O. Comte is a philosopher who proposed the concept of "sociology". From the point of view of O. Comte, sociology, acting as the apogee of sciences, should be formed as an analysis implemented from the point of view of social dynamics and social statics. O. Comte studied the active role of social institutions in the regulation of public order.

E. Durkheim considered the study of social phenomena, and not individuals, to be the sphere of sociology. He believed that society has its own realities, not combined with the influences and motives of subjects, and that individuals develop and are limited by the environment.

In 1895, his Method of Sociology was published. E. Durkheim presented in this work that the law is a social phenomenon, embodied in formal encrypted rules, and that it does not depend in its life on specific individuals or any action for its implementation.

He wrote that elementary religions personified the idea of society, and sacred objects became so because they symbolized unity. Religious culture included collective values that contained the integrity of society and its originality. Cult rituals advocated the strengthening of social values and maintaining the unity of subjects.

E. Durkheim studied the universal functions of cult systems in connection with the integrity of society as such. He believed that the features of social organization served as schemes for such fundamental categories of the human idea as number, time and space. On political issues, he was concerned about the danger to society that comes from people who do not feel that social norms are important to them. He believed that the appeal of socialism to the working class was due to a protest against the disintegration of conservative social ties and values, and not a desire to destroy personal property as such.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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