History of psychology. The current state and development of foreign psychology (the most important)

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History of psychology. The current state and development of foreign psychology (the most important)

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72. CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY

The development of modern foreign psychology (especially considering the previous temporal stages of development) began around the second half of the XNUMXth century. This period is considered to be a crisis, as many directions appeared that refuted or were based on criticism of each other's main theses. Many currents of psychology that arose earlier were relegated to the background. But this is precisely what contributed to the fact that new, more advanced ones arose. The most popular works in the field of intelligence research.

One of the brightest directions of this stage can be called psychogenetics, which began its existence in 1865 thanks to the research of F. Galton. Currently, this science is going through the fourth stage of its development.

As a rule, psychogenetics is considered an interdisciplinary field of knowledge that determines the role and interaction of heredity and environmental factors in the formation of individual psychological and psychophysiological differences.

The very first research in this area was devoted to the study of inherited traits, such as talent and ability. Hence the task of psychogenetics was formulated: to find out the factor influencing the formation of a particular trait in an individual.

As science developed, research methods were developed: genealogical, the method of twins and the method of adopted children. Almost 80% of the work of psychogeneticists is devoted to the study of the inheritance of intelligence, for which the method of adopted children is most often used (a vivid example is the famous 15-year project of Texas researchers). This science also explores temperament, and it was found that at an older age, twins have the greatest similarity in temperament.

No less interesting is the teaching of J. Piaget on the development of the intellect. J. Piaget based his teaching on the explanation of the child's perception and thinking.

Piaget did not use other people's methods, he created a method of clinical conversation based on obtaining certain answers to questions asked of children that reveal individual differences between children.

J. Piaget singled out the stages of the development of the intellect, the correspondence to which determines the normal development of the personality. Each of these stages should take place within a certain, specific age. Indispensable in the development of the child, J. Piaget considered egocentrism - the intellectual position of the child, through which the latter must pass. But then again, all of the above could change depending on the environment in which the child is brought up, whether his achievements in the field of knowledge are encouraged. Only with the harmonious interaction of the child and the environment, according to J. Piaget, does the normal development of the intellect occur.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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