47. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ASSOCIATIONS AND MEMORY

The initial research aspirations were undertaken by F. Galton and W. Wundt simultaneously. F. Galton's experiments concerned the determination of the time of associative processes, as well as the meaningful composition of associations. The study of associations has become a prerequisite for the hoof comprehension of memory. G. Ebbinghaus is one of the researchers of associations and memory.

For the study of memory by G. Ebbinghaus, three methods of memorization were identified:

1) the method of deep memorization consisted in the repeated reproduction of large series of syllables until their complete, error-free repetition;

2) the method of economy made it possible to reveal the extent to which each new reproduction has a facilitating effect on the unmistakable repetition of a previously memorized series of syllables.

3) the correction method involves the use of a hint when the subject was interrupted or made an error. The quantitative criteria were the number of reproductions, the total time spent on memorizing a deep series of syllables, the number of errors, corrections or hints. G. Ebbinghaus identified a number of patterns of memory activity. It was found that the complexity of memorization is commensurate with the volume, the number of memorized items is compressed. Reducing the speed of memorization can lead to an increase in the total time required for deep reproduction, i.e., it is more effective to learn the material more quickly. Soon after the experiments of G. Ebbinghaus, the study of memory began to be studied in almost all psychological laboratories in the world. The involvement of methods in new research tasks and their penetration into special branches of psychology led to various restructurings of the initial methods of studying memory. M. Müller and R. Schumann moved the subject and the tester to different rooms, which increased the reliability and accuracy of the experimental data. They introduced a new method of studying memory - the guessing method (M. Müller and F. Pelzener).

E. Meiman is the founder of the experimental study of semantic memory. He observed that thinking plays a significant role in memory processes. The participation of ideas and sensory images in mental functions leads to their significant transformation. E. Mayman defined the goal of creating series for memorization that would be easy to separate them numerically.

He carried out the task of revealing the impact of the meaning of words and connection using first rows of rhyming syllables, then rows of words combined by meaning. Memory displays the material being learned in a rearranged form. Memory is not a photographic representation of previous impressions associated with automatic associations. In memory, a tendency to unification, generalization, behind which there are concepts and thinking, is revealed.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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