History of psychology. Psychology as the science of direct experience (the most important)

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History of psychology. Psychology as the science of direct experience (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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40. PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE OF DIRECT EXPERIENCE

Subjective experience is a set of semantic, conceptual relationships perceived by a person.

Factors influencing the subjective experience of a person:

1) objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. From birth, the child acquires new practical experience, interacting with previously unknown things, reacting to certain phenomena of the surrounding world. Later, as it develops, it receives its own experience of objective activity and response in circumstances similar to those of previous experience;

2) characteristics of education and training. There is a difference between the norms and rules of communication and behavior accepted in a certain society and family ones. The child initially follows family semantic and ideological guidelines, creating his own picture of the world, and only then compares what he perceives with existing patterns in society. On the basis of differences and the emergence of self-consciousness, he makes a personal assessment in favor of certain rules of interaction with adults and peers that are essential for him;

3) individuality of perception. Up to 1,5 years, perception as a cognitive process has not yet been developed. Then it develops subjectively in the process of maturation. It is this psychological factor that determines the personal differences in the characteristics of each person.

Psychology as a science of direct, individual human experience plays a special role in comparison with the border sciences - philosophy, physiology, sociology, medicine, pedagogy, etc. First, it is both theoretical and applied science. Secondly, unlike other sciences, it penetrates into all layers of human life.

Natural science. Agnosticism, which recognized the unsolvability of actual problems (E. Dubois-Reymond), as well as conditionalism (Fervory), which rejected the causal interpretation of phenomena, could not interpret individual experience from a materialistic, practical position.

The modern views of psychology on obtaining subjective experience are as follows:

1) the basis for obtaining individual experience in the process of life is: attitudes acquired at the early stages of ontogenesis, features of education, subjective features of the personality (temperament, character, abilities), cognitive area;

2) a set of certain life phenomena in which a person finds himself as a result of ontogenesis and in what ways he resolves them;

3) his self-consciousness and self-esteem, picture of the world, comprehension of his personal view of what is happening;

4) application of previous experience: patterns of behavior, modified attitudes, value orientations, manners, knowledge, skills and abilities, including false memory (belief in non-existent circumstances invented by a person).

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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