History of psychology. Development of psychological ideas in Arabic-language science (most important)

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History of psychology. Development of psychological ideas in Arabic-language science (most important)

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8. DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IDEAS IN ARABIC SCIENCE

The heyday of Arabic-speaking psychology fell on the VIII-XI centuries.

In the XNUMXth century Arab tribes united, as a result of which a state was formed, which had its own ideological stronghold - the religion of Islam. Then the aggressive movement of the Arabs began to take place, which ended with the formation of the caliphate. Its territories were inhabited by peoples with ancient cultural traditions.

In Western Europe, which had disintegrated into closed feudal groups, the achievements of Alexandrian and European science were practically not remembered. But in the Arab East intellectual life was in full swing.

The works and writings of Plato and Aristotle, as well as other ancient thinkers, were translated into Arabic and distributed throughout all Arab countries.

All this stimulated the growth and development primarily of physical, mathematical and medical sciences. Arab scientists complemented the achievements of their ancient predecessors, and their works subsequently contributed to the rise of philosophical, scientific and psychological thought in the West. Among these scientists, the Central Asian physician Avicenna should be highlighted.

Avicenna's medical psychology is of particular interest. He assigned an important place to the role of affective acts in the regulation and development of human behavior. Avicenna created the "Canon of Medical Science" and provided him with "autocratic power in many medical schools of the Middle Ages."

Avicenna studied the relationship between psychological characteristics and the physical development of the human body at different ages, while he attached great importance to the upbringing factor. Avicenna believed that it is through education that a mental impact on the structure of the body is carried out. The physiological psychology of Avicenna made assumptions about the possibility of controlling the processes occurring in the body by influencing his affective life, which, according to the scientist, depended on the influence of other people.

The teachings of the philosopher and physician Ibn Rushd (11th century) about man and his soul had a very great influence on the entire Western European philosophical and psychological culture and thought. Ibn Rushd believed that the individual soul is not immortal, he believed that the soul and mind are not a single whole.

Under the soul, Ibn Rushd meant functions that he considered inseparable from the body (for example, sensuality). They were necessary for the work of the mind, and they are also directly related to the body and disappear with it after death. Reason, according to Ibn Rushd, is divine and penetrates into the human soul from the outside. If the body and the individual soul cease to exist, then the "traces" left by the divine mind in the soul continue to exist as a certain moment of the universal mind inherent in all mankind.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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