History of psychology. Social and cultural-historical psychology (most important)

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History of psychology. Social and cultural-historical psychology (most important)

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51. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL-HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Social psychology (SP) is a branch of psychology that studies the patterns of behavior and activities of people, which is determined by their entry into social groups, including the psychological characteristics of the groups themselves. For a long time, socio-psychological views were studied within the framework of various philosophical teachings. Parts of social psychology took shape within various sciences - in sociology, anthropology, psychology, ethnography, etc. In the second half of the 1908th century. attempts were made to develop an independent socio-psychological branch. The emergence of SP as an independent discipline occurred in XNUMX. At that time, the works of the American sociologist E. Ross and the English psychologist W. MacDougal appeared simultaneously, in the content of which the term "SP" was used. The main problems of modern SP are: general issues of the theory, history and methodology of SP, patterns of interaction and communication between people, various characteristics of large social groups; psychological problems of small social groups, as well as the study of personality. Currently, there is an active development of practical SP, which is focused on solving important problems of social actors in the field of education, economics, politics, etc. Cultural-historical psychology (CIP) is a virtual branch of research and knowledge, which is formally considered a section of cultural psychology, studying the role of culture in the psychological life of society. CIP focuses on the global problem of the role of culture in psychological development at the stage of both phylogenesis and ontogenesis. The CIP made a fruitful attempt to return to the life and cultural context those psychological functions that had been wrested from it by classical experimental psychology. It can be interpreted as a new and natural stage in the development of psychology.

M. Cole dealt with CIP issues and dedicated his book to it. He considered CIA to be the science of the future, but, as experience shows, it is also the science of the past. Moreover, it served as the source of practical psychology, which controlled the behavior and activities of people and arose much earlier than scientific psychology. CIP represents a return of psychology to cultural roots. CIP in the Hegelian interpretation is understood as a search for a path from an abstract concept to a concrete one, and then the reproduction of the concrete in the process of thinking. Within the CIP, an activity approach arose in psychology, thanks to which numerous ideas of the CIP were developed. In the future, contacts are being made that unite CIP and cognitive psychology, which continues the analytical work that began in classical psychology and leads to a holistic understanding of the human psyche.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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