Accumulation of wind energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The main disadvantage of using wind energy is its volatility. Wind turbines do not work in calm weather and in light winds. Thus, we have to look for ways to accumulate, or, as they say, accumulate wind energy for a period of calm.

The simplest type of accumulation of wind energy is the storage of a processed product for a period of calm. All wind pumps and windmills operate according to this principle. A number of other agricultural industries allow this type of wind energy storage.

It is more difficult to accumulate energy for a period of calm. The simplest type of such accumulation is the use of conventional electric batteries in wind power installations. However, electric batteries are quite bulky and expensive. In addition, they require skilled care. Therefore, electric batteries are used only for small wind power plants with a capacity of no more than three to four kilowatts. With more powerful wind farms, it is necessary to install a backup engine.

For example, the only local fuel resource of the Astrakhan region is reeds, which grow in abundance in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. However, there will not be enough reeds for the full electrification of the region's agriculture. Meanwhile, wind energy can be widely used in the Astrakhan region.

The use of wind power plants here, which have a thermal reserve in the form of a locomobile installation that burns reeds, can ensure an uninterrupted supply of energy to consumers.

In wooded areas, a gas generator installation can be used as a backup for a wind power plant. In some areas of Moscow, Leningrad and other regions, local coal and peat can serve as fuel for backup installations at wind power plants.

Of great interest is the joint operation of wind power plants with hydroelectric power stations on small rivers, the operation of which is very unstable during the seasons. As a rule, in summer and winter, during severe frosts, there is a lack of water in front of the dam of a small hydroelectric station. Water has to be saved and accumulated by operating at partial power or completely stopping the turbine. This can be avoided if one or more wind turbines are installed in parallel with the hydroelectric power station, which will supply electricity to consumers on windy days. At this time, water will accumulate at the hydroelectric station in front of the dam. So water and wind, successfully complementing each other, can ensure the operation of a combined power plant.

The accumulation of intermittent wind energy is not only in the joint operation of a hydroelectric station with a wind power plant.

In areas with rugged terrain and with an abundance of water, it is advisable to arrange upper reservoirs - batteries. In them, water is supplied by wind pumps and then used to generate electricity from a hydroelectric power station.

In many places in the Soviet Union there are very suitable conditions for the construction of combined power plants based on the use of water and wind energy.

Soviet engineers are pioneers in the design and construction of powerful wind turbines. Back in 1931, the TsAGI-D-30 wind power plant with a capacity of up to 100 kilowatts was designed and built near the city of Sevastopol (Fig. 34).

Based on this experience, back in 1935, Soviet designers created a project for a more powerful and advanced wind farm TsVEI-D-50 with a capacity of up to 1000 kilowatts.

Fig.34. Wind power plant TsAGI-D-30 with a capacity of up to 100 kilowatts

Of great interest for practical use is the hydrogen method of accumulating wind energy, which Soviet designers are working on.

A hydrogen storage wind farm consists of a high-speed wind turbine that drives an electric DC generator. Electricity from the generator goes to the electrolyzer *), where water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen. The gases obtained in this way are collected in gas holders **) and subsequently serve as fuel for the gas engine.

*) An electrolyzer is an apparatus in which a substance is decomposed by electric current.

**) Gas holder-storage for large quantities of gas.

The widespread development of high-voltage ring power lines opens up new opportunities for the operation of powerful wind power plants in a single energy system. At the same time, powerful wind turbines, working for a common network, significantly increase the generation of the power system without fuel consumption.

Such is the tempting and very real future of the widespread use of wind energy - "blue coal". The mass use of wind turbines can provide the abundance of cheap electricity in all corners of our country, which is necessary to meet the industrial and domestic needs of the coming era of communism.

Soviet scientists and designers made a great contribution both to the theory of wind technology and to the development of original wind turbine designs.

Thus, advanced Soviet science and technology came close to developing the inexhaustible reserves of "blue coal".

Author: Karmishin A.V.

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