Free technical library

Instruction on labor protection for an inspector, a mechanic for the repair of rolling stock

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

 Comments on the article

Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard provision on training on labor protection issues.

1.3. According to this instruction, the inspector and the rolling stock repairman are instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (repeated briefing).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues". After passing the briefing, the log must contain the signatures of the instructor, the inspector and the rolling stock repairman.

1.4. The owner must insure the inspector and the rolling stock repairman against accidents and occupational diseases.

In case of damage to the health of the inspector and the mechanic for the repair of the rolling stock through the fault of the owner, they have the right to compensation for the harm caused to them.

1.5. For non-compliance with this instruction, the inspector and the rolling stock repairman bear disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and have no medical contraindications, have been trained in a special program and received an appropriate certificate, have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace and briefing on fire safety.

1.7. To perform additional duties (welding, slinging, maintenance of car repair machines or repair installations, etc.), an inspector and a rolling stock repairman must undergo special training and pass exams on the rules for the technical operation of the mechanisms used, labor protection and fire safety.

1.8. An inspector and a locksmith serving self-propelled repair installations or working with other mechanisms with an electric drive must have an electrical safety group of at least II.

1.9. The inspector and locksmith working with power tools must have the XNUMXst electrical safety group.

1.10. The inspector and mechanic for the inspection and repair of electro-pneumatic brakes must have an electrical safety group of at least II.

1.11. The inspector and mechanic for the repair of rolling stock must:

1.11.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.11.2. Use overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment.

1.11.3. Perform only the work that is assigned by the work manager and in which they are instructed.

1.11.4. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.11.5. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.11.6. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.11.7. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and responsibility for colleagues.

1.12. The inspector and locksmith must know and comply with the requirements of prohibitory, warning, indicating and prescriptive sound and light signals, signs, inscriptions.

1.13. The inspector and locksmith must know the procedure for fencing trains and individual groups of wagons, established by the current technological process of the point of technical inspection of wagons (PTO).

1.14. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the inspector and the wagon repairman:

1.14.1. Unsatisfactory meteorological conditions.

1.14.2. Protruding parts of platforms, rolling stock, etc.

1.14.3. The fall.

1.14.4. Electric shock.

1.14.5. Malfunction of the tool, devices.

1.15. The inspector and mechanic for the repair of wagons are provided with overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment: cotton suit, waterproof raincoat, combined gloves. On outdoor robots in winter additionally: jacket, cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots.

1.16. Workplace content:

1.16.1. The workplaces of the inspector and locksmith during the inspection and repair of wagons are located on the inter-track and tracks of the parks.

1.16.2. The inspector who accepts the train "on the move" must be at a specially equipped workplace.

1.16.3. It is necessary to maintain cleanliness and order in the workplace, as well as comply with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules for railway transport.

1.16.4. All parts removed from the car should be immediately removed to the places specially installed for this purpose.

1.16.5. The inspector and the locksmith must correctly stack car parts, spare parts and materials on the repair facility and racks located at the inter-track, in departments and production areas, ensuring free passage.

1.16.6. Portable fencing signals should be installed on the axis of the track at a distance of 50 m from the outermost cars (on through tracks on both sides, on dead-end tracks from the turnout side).

If the distance from the wagon to the boundary post is less than 50 m, then a portable fence signal from this side is installed on the axis of the track opposite the boundary post.

1.16.7. A wagon or a group of wagons being repaired on specially designated tracks for preventive maintenance with uncoupling or on integrated repair tracks, except for permanent or portable signals, is fenced on both rails at a distance of at least 25 m from the outermost car or opposite the boundary post, if the distance to it is less than 25 m

1.16.8. During maintenance of wagons in trains from which locomotives are not uncoupled, they are protected both from the "head" and from the "tail" of the train in the prescribed manner.

At the same time, the inspector verbally warns the locomotive driver about the beginning of the inspection and the impossibility of the movement of the train in connection with this, and only after that he starts work.

Before the maintenance of the train, from which the locomotive is uncoupled, but temporarily located on the given track, the guard signal is set on the free section of the track between the locomotive and the head car with a warning to the locomotive driver.

1.16.9. Inspectors and locksmiths should start maintenance and repair of wagons and trains only after receiving permission from the PTO operator, which he transmits using two-way park communication after turning on the centralized train fencing system or receiving information about the fencing by portable signals.

Inspectors of the head or tail parts of the train repeat the received permission by radio, which confirms that the message of the PTO operator was received correctly.

1.16.10. In the presence of centralized fencing devices, the PTO operator fencing the train in the manner prescribed by the fencing instructions developed in accordance with local conditions.

1.16.11. Portable fencing signals are installed and removed by persons from among the workers of each shift, on whom these duties are assigned by the work manager.

1.16.12. Each repair and inspection team informs the maintenance operator about the end of the maintenance of the train in the manner prescribed by the working technological process.

Having received a message from the last group, the PTO operator announces the removal of the fence via two-way park communication.

1.16.13. General two-way communication devices may only be used in certain cases in order to reduce the harmful effects of noise from conversations.

As a general rule, portable radios should be used with the PTO operator.

Two-way park communication speakers located on the interpath must be turned off after the message is transmitted.

1.17. Each inspector and mechanic must know and follow the procedure for temporarily stopping the maintenance of a train if necessary (in exceptional cases) to move it within the boundaries of a given track or at the request of the station attendant (shunting dispatcher). These cases should be stipulated by the working technological process of the PHE.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the senior group must check the number of workers in the group assigned to him, the availability and serviceability of tools, measuring instruments, templates, signaling devices and special clothing, as well as the availability of spare parts and materials on racks and repair installations, if necessary, take measures for their replenishment.

2.2. The inspector and locksmith must tidy up and put on overalls in such a way that there are no loose ends hanging down.

2.3. The order of passage to the workplace:

2.3.1. Inspectors and locksmiths, when going to the place of work, as well as when performing maintenance and repair work on cars, must use the route of the brigades and groups indicated by the "Service passage" sign.

During group maintenance, the repair and inspection team must move to the place of work from one track to another as a whole group together with the leader of the group.

2.3.2. Inspectors and locksmiths must ensure that the passages between the racks and tracks are free from parts and foreign objects.

2.3.3. The personnel involved in the maintenance of the train, having received a message from the PTO operator about the passage of a train along the neighboring track, no less than 5 minutes. before its passage, they must go to a safe zone at a distance of 4-5 m from the outermost rail of the track along which the train passes.

Materials and tools must be removed from the track beyond the gauge of the rolling stock. It is prohibited to resume work until the train has completely passed.

2.4. Before turning on the repair installation or the car repair machine, it is necessary to test all their units at idle and check their serviceability.

2.5. When receiving a power tool, be present when checking the serviceability of the ground wire and make sure that there is no short to the body.

2.6. Before starting work, the inspector and mechanic must make sure that the tools and fixtures are in good condition.

A defective tool must be immediately replaced with a serviceable one.

2.7. The PTO operator notifies the inspectors and locksmiths about the approach of the train, the fence and the start of the train maintenance.

The inspector and locksmith must be attentive to the operator's commands.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Safety measures during the stay of the inspector and locksmith on the railway track:

3.1.1. When passing along the track, it is necessary to pay attention to the cars and locomotives moving along the adjacent track.

You can not be on the inter-track when the trains are running non-stop on adjacent tracks.

It is allowed to walk only on the side of the road or in the middle of the road.

3.1.2. When staying at the inter-track while the rolling stock is moving along both adjacent tracks, it is necessary to stop, waiting for the passage (stop) of the rolling stock on one of the tracks, and only after that move again along the inter-track.

3.1.3. Crossing the track is allowed only at a right angle, after making sure that there is no rolling stock.

When crossing the track in bad weather (during fog, snowfall, blizzard, heavy rain, etc.), when the visibility of light and the audibility of sound signals are reduced, it is necessary to stop in the middle part of the track and look carefully both in one direction and in the other.

If you see an approaching rolling stock, you should wait until it passes.

3.1.4. When passing along the station tracks at night, it is necessary to remember about the structures and devices located on the inter-track.

3.1.5. Crossing the rails occupied by the rolling stock should only be done through transitional platforms, along a pedestrian crossing or a combined (pedestrian and transport) tunnel.

Before entering a pedestrian or combined tunnel from between the tracks, it is necessary to make sure that there are no foreign objects on the roof covering the entrance to the tunnel. After descending into the tunnel, the roof must be closed. Leaving it open after leaving the tunnel or descending into it is prohibited.

In a combined tunnel, it is necessary to walk along the side reserved for the passage of people, without touching the cables and wires.

3.1.6. It is necessary to bypass groups of cars or a locomotive standing on the rails at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler.

It is allowed to pass between uncoupled wagons if the distance between their automatic couplers is at least 10 m.

3.1.7. When leaving the track from the premises for heating, as well as from the turnouts and other buildings that block the view of the track, you must first make sure that there is no rolling stock on it.

Leaving office premises at night, it is necessary to wait until the eyes get used to the darkness and the normal visibility of surrounding objects is established.

3.1.8. It is forbidden to use open fire when processing tank trains. Smoking is allowed in a designated area.

3.1.9. Transportation of spare parts, materials and other goods across the tracks must be carried out through transport or combined tunnels, and in their absence - through overpasses or ground transverse decks.

Transportation of spare parts and materials under train cars is allowed under fenced trains.

3.1.10. Along trains between tracks, materials must be transported by mobile repair units, and where they are not available, by electric cars or other vehicles equipped to move on narrow gauge or on paved paths.

At the same time, large-sized parts must be stably stacked, must not go beyond the dimensions of the vehicle.

3.1.11. When transporting spare parts from procurement departments and warehouses to racks installed at the inter-track, the cargo must be placed in the middle of the platform or platforms specially designed for this purpose, wedging it to prevent shifting.

3.2. It is forbidden:

3.2.1. Cross and run across the track in front of moving rolling stock (locomotives, wagons, railcars, etc.).

3.2.2. Stand or sit on the rails.

3.2.3. Sit on the steps of wagons or locomotives and get off them while moving.

3.2.4. Cross the turnouts equipped with electrical interlocking at the location of the wits and connections of the turnouts with a centralized drive.

3.2.5. Perform any work on the repair of wagons, be inside the wagons, under them or on them during maneuvers and other movements of wagons, as well as on a train that is not fenced in the prescribed manner.

3.3. It is forbidden to touch, without gloves or with a tool, parts of the electrical equipment of cars that are energized.

3.4. On electrified sections of the railway it is prohibited:

3.4.1. Carry out repair work, approach yourself, bring the devices used closer to unprotected wires or sections of the contact network at a distance of less than 2 m, if they are energized.

3.4.2. Touch the broken wires of the contact network, regardless of whether they touch the ground, and grounded structures.

3.4.3. Touch foreign bodies (wire pieces, ropes, cables, etc.) that are on the wires of the contact network.

3.5. An inspector and a locksmith who discovered a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign bodies hanging from them, must immediately report this through the operator to the station duty officer, protect this place by any means at hand and, before the arrival of a team of workers of the contact network, ensure that so that no one approaches broken wires at a distance of less than 10 m.

If broken wires or other elements of the contact network go beyond the limits of the approach of buildings and can be touched when the train passes, the dangerous place must be protected by portable signals in accordance with the Instructions for signaling on the railway, as an obstacle.

3.6. When detecting foreign objects on wires or other elements of the contact network, the inspector and locksmith must act in the same way as when detecting a break in the wires of the contact network.

3.7. On a rolling stock located on electrified tracks, before disconnecting and grounding the wires of the contact network located above these tracks, and receiving an order from the work manager, the inspector and locksmith are prohibited from:

3.7.1. Climb to the roof, stay on it or perform any work (fill tanks with water, inspect manhole covers, carry out repairs, etc.).

3.7.2. Touch the equipment of the electric rolling stock.

3.8. The operation of a repair facility or a wagon repair machine is prohibited if the following malfunctions are present:

3.8.1. Missing or damaged ground and rail connectors.

3.8.2. There are no special fasteners on the platforms for placing the end door and manhole covers during their transportation.

3.8.3. Rail grips damaged.

3.8.4. Parts of the repair plant and the car repair machine in the transport position go inside the rolling stock.

3.8.5. Cracks in critical parts and assemblies of the repair unit and car repair machine.

3.8.6. The braking system is faulty.

3.8.7. Conductive parts of electrical equipment are exposed.

3.8.8. There is no protection of rotating parts of mechanisms and conductive parts.

3.8.9. Sound signal defective.

3.8.10. Faulty lighting.

3.8.11. The deadline for the technical examination of the hydraulic jack and lifting mechanisms has expired.

3.8.12. Cargo ropes have wear exceeding the allowable Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes.

3.8.13. Faulty hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.

3.8.14. At least one of the safety or blocking devices does not work, the alarm indications are incorrect.

3.8.15. There are no protective dielectric means, portable lamps and safety signs on the car repair machine.

3.8.16. Primary fire extinguishers are missing or defective.

3.9. It is allowed to inspect and repair the electrical equipment of repair installations and car repair machines only after turning off the voltage, hydraulic and pneumatic systems - after depressurizing.

Z.10. When disconnecting the brake connecting sleeves of cars under pressure from compressed air and disconnecting the hoses of the air dispensers, all safety measures must be observed.

3.11. If it is necessary to use large forces when unscrewing the nuts, one-sided wrenches with an extended handle should be used, not allowing the wrench to be built up with another wrench.

It is forbidden to use gaskets to fill the gaps between the jaws of the key and the nut.

If possible, a mechanical impact wrench should be used.

3.12. It is forbidden to unscrew the nuts with a chisel and hammer.

3.13. When working on a car repair machine when editing the end door, racks, braces, eliminating the expansion or narrowing of the body, it is not allowed to warp the beams of the device when they are lowered and raised.

In the case of straightening the doors of a gondola car, a wooden gasket 15-20 mm thick should be laid between the door and the wall.

3.13.1. Before starting to straighten hatch covers, the locksmith must make sure that they are securely fastened by locking mechanisms and that there is no tie wire on the side trusses of the gondola car body.

3.13.2. When performing correct work, it is necessary to ensure that the hoses of the hydraulic and pneumatic drives are not pressed by the mechanisms to the car.

3.14. It is forbidden:

3.14.1. Perform maintenance of repair installations and car repair machines during their operation.

3.14.2. Operate repair installations and car repair machines with wet and oily hands, while oiling the buttons of control devices, handles.

3.14.3. Set in motion the repair unit and the car repair machine when people are between the portal of the mechanism and the car.

3.14.4. Move the repair unit when receiving, departing or moving a train along an adjacent track. In this case, the jack, crane or other unit located on the side of the moving rolling stock must be installed in the transport position.

3.14.5. Stand or pass between a moving train and a car repair machine or repair facility.

3.14.6. Stand on the footboard of the repair facility on the side of the moving train.

3.14.7. Replace the spring set of the bogie, repair shoes, triangel without additional fastening of the raised hydrospring beam.

3.14.8. Use open portable lamps, as well as lamps with voltages above 42 V AC or open flames when inspecting machinery.

3.14.9. To be in the car or under the car when the car repair machine is straightening the hatch covers, upper trim, end door, racks, braces, eliminating the narrowing or expansion of the gondola car body.

3.14.10. Use jacks, cranes, trolleys, manipulators, etc. with an overdue technical examination, as well as to lift a wagon, the mass of which exceeds the carrying capacity of the mechanisms used.

3.15. Jacks of all types and cranes must undergo a technical inspection once a year with stenciling of the date of the next inspection and test, as well as a 10-day current inspection with a log entry.

3.16. Only empty wagons are allowed to be lifted and lowered by overhead or gantry cranes of the appropriate carrying capacity or with a chain hoist, trolleys-manipulators.

In this case, one end of the wagon should first be raised, and then (if necessary) the other, after wedging the wheelsets of the second bogie.

3.17. It is allowed to raise and lower wagons with a crane or jacks under the supervision of the work manager.

3.18. After lifting one end of a four, six or eight-axle wagon, it is necessary to wedge all the wheel pairs of the bogie of the opposite end of the wagon from both sides. Before starting work, it is necessary to check that all electric jacks are equipped with lift stops, which must be in good condition.

3.19. Mobile jacks should be mounted on sturdy wooden spacers, which are stored with the jacks as an integral part of them.

It is not allowed to install the jack with partial support on the sleeper.

3.20. When lifting the wagon, it is necessary to ensure that the jack is in a strictly vertical position.

A 15-20 mm thick hardwood gasket should be installed on the supporting surface of the head or telescopic beam of the jack.

3.21. As the car rises, the safety steel nut on the plunger of the hydropneumatic and hydraulic jacks must be lowered down until it stops in the cylinder.

When lowering the wagon, the safety nut must be raised to its upper position, for which it is necessary to first release it from the load by pumping oil, and only after that you can slowly open the outlet valve.

3.22. Under the raised wagon, it is necessary to bring typical metal horse mackerels of the appropriate carrying capacity, onto which the wagon is lowered. A spacer 15-20 mm thick made of hardwood is placed between the car frame and the horse mackerel.

3.23. On stationary electric jacks with a carrying capacity of 25-40 tons with steel safety nuts, the raised loaded and empty cars can remain without stakes.

3.24. After lifting the wagon without laying the stavrugs, any work that can cause shock loads or rolling of the jacks is not allowed.

3.25. Jacks and stavrugi must be installed in places where special symbols are applied to the car.

3.26. It is necessary to raise and lower the car with two or more jacks simultaneously. It is not allowed to advance the movement of the head of one jack in relation to others.

3.27. It is allowed to set in motion a set of two or four jacks when raising and lowering the car only at the command of the work supervisor.

When raising and lowering the wagon, workers in charge of jacks and work should not leave their jobs.

3.28. The end of the bolster on the side of the springs must be held by a jack, ensuring the free exit of the springs. Resetting the spring is not allowed.

3.29. When performing work on the wagons, locksmiths must carefully monitor the light and sound signals that inform about the beginning of the conveyor movement, and timely move away from it to a safe distance.

3.30. If a conveyor malfunction is detected that threatens the safety of people, it should be stopped immediately.

3.31. When repairing the chassis, frame, coupling devices, as well as parts of the brakes, the side of the platform, the hatch covers of the gondola car must first be raised and fixed or removed.

3.32. It is forbidden to remove bushings and bearings from the axle box by hand. For this, special devices must be used.

3.33. When repairing the coupling devices of cars in trains and separate groups, it is necessary to pull the train apart at a distance of at least 10 m between the cars and place brake shoes under the wheels of the uncoupled cars.

3.34. The automatic coupler and draft gear must be installed and removed from the car with the help of devices or a repair installation.

3.35. It is allowed to tap the body of the draft gear with jammed parts only until the gear and the front thrust plate are removed from the traction collar.

3.36. It is forbidden to remove parts and other items from the roof of the wagons. At least two people must supply parts to the roof and lower them from there.

3.37. It is not allowed to leave the tool on the edge of the roof, on the ledges of the frame and body.

3.38. It is forbidden to perform work on the roof of the car on the open tracks of the stations during a thunderstorm, thick fog, heavy snowfall or heavy rain, as well as when the wind speed is more than 10 m/s.

Information about this is obtained from the PTO operator.

3.39. When purging the brake line, in order to avoid shock, the connecting sleeve should be supported by hand near the head. The faucet should be opened slowly.

3.40. When servicing the brake equipment under the car, one should not be near the head of the piston rod of the brake cylinder on the side of the rod exit.

3.41. The place for cutting bolts and rivets must be protected, based on local conditions, in order to prevent flying parts from falling into people.

3.42. The draft gear should be disassembled and assembled on a special stand.

3.43. The deflections of the end beams at the installation sites of the coupler must be eliminated using special mechanisms and devices.

It is forbidden to eliminate deflections with a hand tool.

3.44. Replacement of the air distributor, exhaust valve, brake shoe, shoe, disconnection and end valves, emergency braking valve, supply pipe, auto mode, auto regulator, adjustment of the leverage should be carried out only with the end valves closed with the obligatory release of air from the reserve tank and the working chamber of the brake cylinder.

3.45. Tighten the brake linkage when adjusting with the help of special tools.

The alignment of the holes in the heads of the brake rods and levers must be checked using a mandrel.

It is not allowed to control the coincidence of the holes with your fingers.

3.46. To disassemble the piston after it has been removed from the brake cylinder, it is necessary to compress the spring with the appropriate tool so that the pin can be knocked out of the rod head, then remove the cover and gradually release the spring until it is completely released.

3.47. When cleaning the working chamber and the reserve tank by blowing with compressed air, it is not allowed to strike them.

3.48. Testing of electro-pneumatic brake equipment must be carried out by electricians who have an electrical safety group of at least III.

3.49. Inspectors and locksmiths must work in signal vests.

3.50. Inspectors and locksmiths must work according to the regime established by the internal labor regulations.

When working outdoors in winter, they should be given warm breaks to prevent chilling and freezing.

3.51. During maintenance of wagons at night, the inspector and locksmith must use FOS-2 type rechargeable lamps.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. After completion of repair work, the jack, crane and other equipment of the repair installation must be installed in the transport position and secured.

4.2. After completion of work, it is necessary to leave the repair installation only in the specified place.

4.3. Tools, spare parts and materials must be placed on racks and in containers.

4.4. Fold overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment in the place provided for them.

4.5. Wash hands and face with warm water and soap. Take a shower if possible.

4.6. Report to the head of work on all the shortcomings that occurred during work.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. An emergency situation may arise in the event of: a fall from a height, failure of the units of the repair unit and the car repair machine, breakage of the conveyor, electric shock, breakage of connecting connections, engagement by protruding parts of the rolling stock, and other things that can threaten the life and health of people.

5.2. In the event of such a situation, you should immediately stop work, protect the danger zone, prevent unauthorized persons from entering it, report what happened to the work manager.

5.3. If there are casualties, provide them with first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.

5.4. Providing first aid:

5.4.1. Providing first aid for carbon monoxide poisoning.

Before the arrival of the doctor, the victim should be taken to fresh air, provide him with peace, avoiding cooling.

In severe cases, inhale oxygen, carry out artificial respiration.

5.4.2. First aid for electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state, the revival must begin immediately, and then call an "ambulance".

5.4.3. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.4.4. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.4.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of the skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

5.4.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

• raise the injured limb up;
• close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
• in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.5. If a fire occurs, start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

5.6. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the danger.

 We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

▪ Emergency repair worker. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Loading, transportation, unloading and storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Scrapping of wagons excluded from the inventory. Standard instruction on labor protection

See other articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive Cooling system Deepcool Gammaxx 400 EX 04.05.2020 The Deepcool range has been replenished with the Gammaxx 400 EX cooling system. This is the development of the Gammaxx 400 model, released in 2012. The new version is characterized by increased performance, provided, in particular, by the presence of two fans instead of one, and an increase in the total area and number of radiator fins. The number of plates has been increased from 50 to 56. The plates are strung on four heat pipes with a diameter of 6 mm, which are designed for direct contact with the processor cover. The dimensions of the radiator are 127 x 50 x 155 mm. The radiator is blown by two 120 mm TF120 fans, the rotation speed of which is adjustable between 500-1500 rpm. At the same time, the flow reaches 88,3 m3/h, and the noise level does not exceed 27,6 dBA. The fans use hydrodynamic bearings. Dimensions of the cooling system assembly are 129 x 103 x 157,5 mm, weight - 930 g. The system is suitable for Intel processors LGA1151, 1150, 1155, 1366 and AMD processors AM4, AM3+, AM3, AM2+, AM2, FM2+ , FM2 and FM1, and its estimated price is $39.

Other interesting news:

▪ SCM-38I - RS-232/485 converter

▪ Photonic Processor

▪ DNA will be found in space

▪ DeLorean will be produced again

▪ Electronic brain control implant

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Protection of electrical equipment. Article selection

▪ Apocalypse article. Popular expression

▪ article How long did Robinson Crusoe spend in Russia? Detailed answer

▪ article Machinist of a universal scraper. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Programmer for reprogramming printer chips. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Pump control unit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024