Electronic implant for brain control. Free Technical Library News

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Electronic brain control implant

03.12.2013

An implant capable of controlling the electrical activity of the brain has been approved for clinical use in the United States. So far, it is planned to use such implants for the treatment of nervous diseases, but in the future these devices may be used more widely.

Electrodes placed in the brain have been used in recent years as an experimental treatment for Parkinson's disease, as well as in the so-called. neural interfaces that enable paralyzed people to control robotic arms. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new implant designed primarily for patients with epilepsy. This is the first device of this type capable of analyzing brain activity and promptly correcting it with directed electrical impulses in case of abnormalities.

As you know, epilepsy is caused by chaotic electrical activity of the brain, leading to temporary loss of consciousness and muscle cramps with an attack lasting 1-2 minutes. The NeuroPace implant, which is able to automatically control the electrical activity of a certain part of the brain, today has a rather large size, so its use is associated with the risk of infection.

The NeuroPace neurostimulator is implanted directly inside the skull and connected with microelectrodes to the "problem" areas of the brain that are the root cause of epileptic seizures. The neurostimulator monitors the electrical activity in these areas and automatically sends electrical impulses that "extinguish" epileptic disturbances in the overall pattern of electrical activity in the brain. In this case, the patient does not notice electrical impulses.

The stimulant does not cure epilepsy, but even some relief of symptoms markedly improves the quality of life in many nervous diseases. Today, 65 million people suffer from epilepsy. in the world. Unfortunately, this disease remains poorly understood, as a rule, the diagnosis of "epilepsy" is made to people who have experienced 2 or more epileptic seizures in a year. In this case, the root cause of the disease usually remains unknown. It happens that people with epilepsy are helped by diet or drug therapy. If nothing helps, and the seizures are frequent and severe, a rather risky operation is performed to neutralize the "problem" part of the brain. Sometimes this area is located in an area of the brain that is essential for normal daily life. It is in such cases that the NeuroPace neuroimplant should help.

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