Instructions on labor protection during loading, transportation, unloading and storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials

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Instructions on labor protection during loading, transportation, unloading and storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

General labor protection requirements

1. To work on loading, transporting, unloading, storing and dispensing caustic and poisonous substances and materials, men must be at least 21 years old who have undergone a medical examination to determine the compliance of their health with the requirements for the work performed, who have completed a course in the relevant program and licensed to carry out this work.

2. Newly arriving workers can only be allowed to work after they have passed an introductory briefing on labor safety, environmental requirements and an initial briefing at the workplace, which must be recorded in the relevant journals by introductory briefing registers and at the workplace with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing. Workers are allowed to work independently only if they have a certificate of verification of knowledge on labor protection.

3. Workers must receive re-briefing at least once every three months.

4. Workers' knowledge of safe labor methods must be checked by a permanent examination commission of an enterprise or organization at least once every 12 months. The results of the check are drawn up in the minutes of the commission, and a corresponding mark is made in the certificate and personal card.

If a worker receives an unsatisfactory grade during the test of labor safety knowledge, he is not allowed to work independently until a re-test after one month.

5. In case of violation of work safety requirements by workers, which can lead or have led to injury, accident, fire, explosion or poisoning, when working conditions, materials, tools change, when new or revised rules, instructions, labor protection standards are put into effect, changes and additions to them, during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days, as well as at the request of the supervisory authorities, an unscheduled briefing is carried out.

6. When performing work in dangerous and especially dangerous conditions, as well as other unusual work not related to the direct duties of the worker, a targeted briefing is carried out and a work permit is issued (GOST 12.0.004-90).

7. About the repeated and unscheduled briefing, a corresponding entry is made in the briefing registration log at the workplace with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing. When registering an unscheduled briefing, the reason that caused it to be held is indicated.

Target briefing is recorded in the work permit, allowing the performance of work.

8. A worker who has received instruction and has shown unsatisfactory knowledge is not allowed to work. He must re-instruct. The knowledge gained during the briefing is checked by the employee who conducted the briefing.

9. Hazardous include combustible and non-combustible substances and materials that have properties, the manifestation of which can lead to injury, poisoning, radiation, illness of workers, explosion, fire, damage to structures.

Hazardous properties can manifest themselves under normal or emergency conditions both in individual substances and materials, and when they interact with substances and materials of other categories (GOST 19433-88).

10. Especially dangerous substances include those substances and materials that are incompatible with substances and materials of the same category as per GOST 19438-88.

11. Hazardous and especially dangerous substances and materials according to flammability are divided into classes:

gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure - class 2;
flammable liquids (flammable liquids) - class 3;
flammable solids (LVT) - class 4;
toxic substances - class 6;
caustic - class 8.

12. When performing work with toxic flammable substances and materials, workers should also be guided by the "Typical labor protection instructions for workers engaged in loading, transporting, unloading and storing explosive and flammable substances and materials" (TOI R-218-42-95).

13. Poisonous and caustic substances and materials are classified as dangerous and especially dangerous.

14. Toxic substances are substances capable of causing poisoning by inhalation, ingestion and (or) contact with the skin.

15. Poisonous substances and materials are flammable. Poisonous substances and materials used in the road sector include: poisonous compressed and liquefied gases (chlorine, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, butane, propane), leaded gasoline, methanol (methyl alcohol), benzene, dichloroethane, acetone, antifreeze, aniline, resins (carbamide, synthetic, coumarone, epoxy, furforolaniline (FAS)), tar, paint thinners, etc.

16. Caustic and (or) corrosive substances are substances or their aqueous solutions, which, upon direct contact, cause visible necrosis of living tissue and (or) corrosive effect on metal.

Corrosive substances and materials include: acids (nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric and others), alkalis, caustic soda, bitumen thinners, organic solvents, etc.

17. Workers involved in loading, transporting, unloading, storing and dispensing caustic and toxic substances and materials must know:

nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric acids, caustic soda solution, when exposed to open parts of the body, cause severe burns that are difficult to treat;
contact with an alkali solution in the eyes can cause lesions leading to blindness;
vapors of acids and alkalis are poisonous, can cause chemical burns of the upper respiratory tract and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes.

Maximum allowable concentrations in the air of the working area of sulfuric acid vapor - 1 mg / m3, hydrochloric acid - 5 mg / m3, alkalis (in terms of NaOH) - 0,5 mg / m3;

vapors of leaded gasoline and methyl alcohol are highly toxic, getting into the human body and penetrating into the blood, they tend to accumulate, which leads to intractable diseases. And minimal doses of leaded gasoline and methyl alcohol in food cause fatal poisoning. Artificial coloration of leaded gasoline warns of its toxicity.

The maximum permissible concentration of methanol vapors in the air of the working area is 5 mg/m3.

The maximum allowable concentration of tetraethyl lead, the presence of which makes leaded gasoline poisonous, is 0,005 mg/m3;

vapors and aerosols of resins and tar, containing aniline, formaldehyde, furfural, benzene, hydrocarbons and other harmful substances, cause allergic diseases and damage to the respiratory system in industrial conditions.

When working with resins and tars, respiratory, skin and eye protection is required.

Maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) in the air of the working area:

aniline - 0,1 mg/m3;
formaldehyde - 0,5 mg/m3;
furfural - 0,5 mg/m3;
benzene - 15/5 mg/m3 (numerator - maximum, denominator - average shift MPC).

Peck - heavy fractions of coal tar and other substances, has the ability to increase the sensitivity of the skin under the influence of sunlight, which adversely affects the human body. Workers who have contact with pitch, if safety requirements are not followed, can get sick with solar dermatitis.

All outdoor work with pitches must be carried out between sunset and sunrise, but in such a way that workers can wash up and go home before sunrise.

Note: in agreement with the sanitary supervision authorities, loading and unloading operations with pitch may also be allowed during the daytime, but subject to the mechanization of these works and the implementation of preventive measures that guarantee the protection of workers from contact with pitch.

At works where pitch is used, the administration is obliged to equip a shower with warm water. Do not use cold water to wash your face.

Antifreeze, if accidentally ingested, causes poisoning, which affects the nervous system and kidneys, and in severe cases leads to death. Such consequences are caused by a dose of antifreeze of the order of 50-100 cm3.

18. Transportation of caustic and toxic substances should be carried out only by experienced drivers not younger than 21 years old with at least three years of continuous work as a driver, recognized as fit for this work, who have been instructed in labor safety when transporting caustic and toxic substances, on the features of the route, as well as on the properties and allowable volumes of the transported cargo and appointed by order with the fixing of vehicles equipped for these purposes.

19. Vehicles intended for the carriage of caustic and poisonous substances must be additionally equipped with:

exhaust pipe of the muffler, brought to the right under the front of the car, with the exhaust outlet tilted down;
switches for disconnecting batteries, which can be activated both from the driver's cab and from outside the vehicle;
casings protecting fuel tanks and cylinders from accidental ingress of the transported substance on them;
a container with water (at least 20 l) and means of neutralizing hands and clothes in case of contamination with transported substances (protective pastes HIOT-6, IER-2, Chumakov paste, 10% silicone cream, Selissky ointment);
devices that provide reliable grounding from static electricity, vehicles while driving;
bodies of onboard vehicles must be sheathed inside with metal or other non-combustible material;
when transporting alkaline substances, it is necessary to have fire extinguishers charged with VS-1 powder;
two lanterns with orange glasses with a power source independent of the electrical equipment of the car;
spare packaging corresponding to the packaging of the transported substance;
two wheel chocks (shoes) under the wheels;
sets of personal protective equipment for the driver and accompanying persons;
means of providing first aid to victims.

20. Cars of the "van" type must be equipped with natural supply and exhaust ventilation.

21. Tanks for the carriage of liquids must be equipped with gauge glasses or other devices to control the level of the transported liquid.

22. It is recommended that containers and bodies of flatbed vehicles permanently intended for the carriage of caustic and toxic substances and materials be painted in appropriate colors and provided with the necessary inscriptions.

23. It is allowed to accept, transport, store and dispense poisonous substances (leaded gasoline, methanol, benzene, dichloroethane, acetone, antifreeze, aniline, etc.) only in hermetically sealed, serviceable metal containers, on which there must be a clear inscription with indelible paint "Poison" and the sign established for toxic substances in accordance with GOST 19433-81. Containers filled with toxic substances must be sealed. All drain, filling and air openings in the container are subject to sealing.

24. Corrosive and toxic substances and materials entering the workplace must be clearly marked, the manufacturer's instructions for their use and storage.

The amount of substances and materials in the workplace should not exceed the shift requirement.

Unused caustic and toxic substances and materials are handed over to the warehouse in tightly closed labeled containers.

25. Acceptance, loading, transportation, unloading, storage, issuance and use of caustic and toxic substances and materials without marking and instructions from the manufacturer is prohibited.

26. In places where caustic and poisonous substances and materials are stored on each barrel, can, etc. there must be a tag or sticker with the exact name or designation of these materials.

27. Storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials should be carried out separately in specially equipped warehouses and premises.

28. Warehouses and premises for the storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials must comply with building codes and regulations, fire protection requirements (GOST 12.1.004-85) and environmental protection and be used for their intended purpose. There should be no foreign objects in warehouses and premises.

The territory of the warehouse must be fenced with a fence made of non-combustible material, equipped, equipped with the necessary warning and prohibition signs and inscriptions. Unauthorized persons are not allowed to enter the warehouse.

Warehouses must be equipped with lightning rods.

29. It is allowed to receive caustic and toxic substances and materials from the warehouse only to persons appointed by order of the head of a structural unit or organization, enterprise according to income and expenditure documents, as a product of strict accountability.

Z0. Acceptance and release of caustic and poisonous substances and materials should be carried out only by the warehouse manager.

31. It is forbidden to store methyl alcohol in shop pantries.

32. The storage room for caustic and toxic substances and materials must be equipped with permanent and emergency mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation. The hood should be made from the upper and lower zones equally.

33. In places where caustic and toxic substances and materials are stored, there should be a sufficient amount of means for their neutralization (chlorine, dichloroethane solution, sawdust, kerosene, tarpaulin, rags, rags, sand, water and others), as well as first aid injured.

34. Warehouses for the storage of caustic and poisonous substances and materials must be closed with locks, the keys to which must be kept by responsible persons.

35. The worker must inform his immediate supervisor about the observed violations of safety requirements at his workplace, as well as about malfunctions of equipment, devices, tools and personal protective equipment and not start work until the violations and malfunctions are eliminated.

36. Workers involved in the loading, transportation, unloading and storage of caustic and toxic substances and materials are required to comply with the internal labor regulations, as well as fire safety rules approved by the enterprise.

37. For non-compliance with the requirements of the instruction developed on the basis of this instruction, workers are liable in accordance with the internal labor regulations and current legislation.

Occupational safety requirements before starting work

38. Responsible for loading, transporting and unloading caustic and toxic substances and materials must:

familiarize workers with the task, properties and volumes of cargo, fastening rules, place of loading and unloading;
determine the route of movement;
check the condition of vehicles, the compliance of their equipment with the goods being transported, the availability of the necessary inventory and tools;
check the availability and serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment, first aid, personal protective equipment;
check the conformity, serviceability and cleanliness of the container;
have the necessary documentation.

39. Places for loading and unloading caustic and poisonous substances and materials must be cleared of previously unloaded cargo, snow, ice, and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand, unnecessary items removed.

40. Before starting work on loading caustic and toxic substances and materials, it is necessary to ventilate the premises where these goods are stored for 30 minutes.

41. Workers should wear personal protective equipment appropriate for the work they are doing. If necessary, 5-8 minutes before the start of work, lubricate the face and hands with protective pastes, cream or ointment.

42. Before starting work with pitches and products covered with a mass containing pitch, workers must lubricate the face and hands up to the middle of the forearm with lanolin or protective neutral pastes. The eyes are protected from exposure to sand dust by goggles in a soft leather frame with yellow-green lenses when working in the daytime and light glasses when working in the evening and at night.

In summer, in order to reduce dust formation, the pitch should be moistened with water before starting work.

43. Before starting work with pitches, a responsible person from specialists is obliged to additionally instruct workers with current sanitary rules when working with sands and supervise the work for which a work permit must be issued (GOST 12.0.004-90).

Occupational safety requirements during work

44. All operations for overflowing, receiving and dispensing caustic and toxic substances must be carried out with proper and working local exhaust ventilation only in a mechanized way, using columns, pumps, siphons charged with vacuum, and other devices that must be checked and prevented leaks.

45. Transfusion of caustic and poisonous liquids with buckets, siphons, using the mouth is prohibited.

46. It is forbidden to keep open containers filled with caustic and poisonous substances, as well as empty containers from under them.

47. In tanks or tanks that do not have measuring glasses, the amount of content is measured with a wooden rail through a fitting in the neck cover. It is forbidden to remove the neck cover to determine the remaining contents.

48. Before pouring antifreeze, you need to check the container. The container must be clean: free of rust deposits, residues of oil products, precipitation. The container must be washed with an alkaline solution. The release of antifreeze into containers that do not meet the specified requirements is prohibited.

49. Antifreeze, leaded gasoline should be poured into a container no more than 90% of its capacity.

50. When loading, transporting and unloading vehicles carrying caustic and poisonous substances, it is prohibited:

to be by unauthorized persons in the area of loading and unloading cargo, as well as in the cab and body of the car;
allow jerks, jerks, sudden braking, as well as the movement of the car with the clutch disengaged when starting off.

51. Leaded gasoline, methanol, benzene, acetone, dichloroethane, aniline are prohibited from transporting:

in glass containers;
together with people and food.

After transportation of these substances, the car body and container must be thoroughly cleaned and neutralized.

It is forbidden to transport people in specially equipped car bodies after transporting caustic and toxic substances in them without appropriate processing of vehicles.

52. When neutralizing vehicles, containers, soil and other objects and places, as well as when collecting and burning means of neutralization, precautions must be taken: stand on the windward side, do not inhale dangerous fumes, do not touch contaminated objects without gloves.

53. Empty methanol containers must be immediately washed with water in an amount of at least two container volumes. Flushing is carried out only under the supervision of a responsible person. The liquid after washing must be drained without residue to the place indicated by the responsible person.

54. Corrosive and poisonous substances must be used only for their intended purpose. Using them for other purposes (washing hands, containers, washing parts) is prohibited.

55. Glass containers with caustic substances must be placed in wooden cases or wicker baskets with handles and lined with shavings, straw or moss, without which transportation and storage of caustic substances is prohibited.

56. Carrying bottles with caustic substances by the handles of cases or baskets is permitted only after a preliminary check of the strength of their bottom and handles.

Loading and unloading of bottles with acids and containers with alkalis by one worker is prohibited.

57. Transportation of acids, alkalis, liquid chemicals in glass containers in trolleys, stretchers and other devices should be carried out only in nests of wooden racks upholstered with soft material (felt, burlap in several layers, etc.) and equipped with lattice or solid doors with a reliable door. fastening with hooks, excluding their spontaneous opening.

58. When installing glass containers with caustic substances and cases or baskets in a car body, the following safety measures must be observed:

containers with liquid are installed vertically, with necks (plugs) up, in height not exceeding the sides of the body;
each place of the rack, the rack must be fixed so that during the movement, stops and turns of the car, the load cannot move and tip over.

59. It is forbidden:

accept for loading, transportation, unloading and storage caustic substances in glass containers without appropriate packaging in cases or baskets;
place the cargo in glass containers in a package on top of each other in two rows;
load, unload and move caustic substances by lifting machines;
carry bottles with caustic substances on the back, shoulder, in front of you or with one hand by the handle of the case or basket.

60. Transportation of pitch in vehicles is allowed only in packaged form. The car body, in which the pitch was transported, must be thoroughly cleaned and washed with hot water.

61. Loading and unloading operations with pitch must be mechanized.

Loading and unloading pitch in public places (public transport stops, etc.) is prohibited.

62. When working with pitches in the open air, it is forbidden to remove goggles before taking a shower after finishing work. Changing glasses when fogging during work should be done quickly, in darkened and dust-free places.

63. When loading and unloading caustic, poisonous and other toxic substances, it is prohibited to eat, drink and smoke.

Eating and drinking, smoking is allowed in the designated place only during breaks between work, after removing the overalls left at the workplace, thoroughly washing hands (taking a shower) with soap, rinsing the mouth and rinsing the nasopharynx to clean it from penetrating dust.

64. When working in gas masks or respirators, workers should periodically rest with the gas mask or respirator removed in places free from dust and emission of harmful substances. Duration of rest - complete restoration of normal breathing (20-40 minutes).

65. During lightning discharges, all work with caustic and toxic substances (loading, draining, filling, transporting, unloading, etc.) must be immediately stopped.

Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

66. Persons working with caustic, poisonous and toxic substances, who feel unwell, weak, have a headache, must immediately stop work, inform their workmates or a responsible person, go out into the fresh air and seek medical assistance.

67. Spilled methanol in case of accidents or overflows from one container to another should be immediately washed off with plenty of water.

68. Spilled acid should be neutralized with lime mortar, then sprinkled with sand, carefully remove it and bury it in the place indicated by the person in charge. Rinse the cleaned area with plenty of water.

69. Torn containers, broken bottles, boxes, spilled acid, spilled poisonous substance should be neutralized and cleaned in gas masks.

70. If acid or alkali gets on the skin or in the eyes, the affected areas must be washed abundantly with a fast-flowing stream of water for 10-15 minutes.

71. If leaded gasoline gets on the skin, then the affected area should be washed with kerosene, and then with warm water and soap.

72. If leaded gasoline gets on the soil, floors, equipment, it should be immediately neutralized using degasifiers for this: dichloramine (1,5% solution in gasoline) or bleach (in the form of slurry or chlorine water), and for metal items - kerosene or alkaline solution.

73. About injuries, burns or other accidents at work, which he was an eyewitness, the worker must immediately inform the foreman (foreman) and proceed to provide first aid to the victim in accordance with "Instructions for providing first aid in case of accidents".

Occupational safety requirements at the end of work

74. After finishing work, workers must:

clean vehicles (car, trailer, trolley) after transporting caustic and toxic substances in them from the remnants of transported goods and degas with bleach followed by abundant washing with water;
put the vehicles in the designated place, and remove the equipment and fixtures to the designated place;
put in order workplaces in warehouses and places of storage of substances and materials;
wash the front part of gas masks and respirators in warm soapy water, degas with a 2% solution of boric alcohol and a 0,5% solution of potassium permanganate, wipe and dry;
clean goggles thoroughly from dust and store in a dry place;
after working with pesticides, degas rubber boots, aprons and gloves with a solution of bleach, rinse with plenty of water, dry and put away in the designated place;
wash off the protective paste with warm water and take a shower using neutral soap and a soft towel; if dryness or cracking of the skin appears after a shower or washing hands, it is necessary to lubricate the skin with neutral ointments or creams (boric vaseline, lanolin cream);
change clothes and notify the person in charge of the completion of work.

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