Instruction on labor protection for the driver of a universal scraper

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Instruction on labor protection for the driver of a universal scraper

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. A worker at least 18 years of age, who has professional training, a certificate for the right to drive a machine and has passed: a preliminary medical examination, introductory briefing; training in safe labor methods and techniques and testing knowledge of labor safety in the qualification commission; initial on-the-job training.

1.2. Universal scrapers are self-propelled machines designed for layer-by-layer cutting, transportation and unloading of soil. The scraper can perform the whole range of earthworks: cutting the soil, moving it to the place of laying, leveling and partial compaction.

The working body of the scraper is a bucket on pneumatic wheels, equipped with a lifting and unloading lowering mechanism, driven by a winch or hydraulic drive.

1.3. The driver of the universal scraper must have a driver's license.

A knife is placed on the front edge of the bottom of the bucket for its entire width, with the help of which the soil layer is cut.

The working process - cutting and setting soil, transporting it to the place of laying, unloading and returning to the place of set - is a series of successively repeated operations. The bucket descends to the ground, crashes into it under the action of the engine force and removes the soil layer. The filled bucket rises on the move to the transport position and moves to the place of unloading, which is also carried out on the move by pushing the soil with the movable rear wall of the bucket or by tilting its bottom. The soil falls out between the front and rear axles of the scraper and is partially compacted by its rear wheels. The thickness of the layer during unloading is regulated by the scraper operator, and its surface is leveled by the front edge of the bucket during unloading. After that, the scraper returns to the place of loading and the cycle repeats.

1.4. The technical condition of the universal scraper must ensure the safety of its operation and transportation, and comply with the rules of technical operation.

1.5. The universal scraper is equipped with sound and light alarms, a first aid kit, and fire extinguishing equipment.

1.6. A universal scraper cannot be put into operation without a written order from the chief mechanic (mechanic) responsible for the operation of the mechanism.

1.7. The universal scraper should be refueled using fueling devices on a level platform and only during the day.

1.8. Refueling of the universal scraper at night is allowed only under artificial lighting, while it is forbidden to use open fire.

1.9. During all work with leaded gasoline, the possibility of spilling it must be excluded.

1.10. Places contaminated with leaded gasoline are immediately neutralized with a degasser.

1.10. Each driver is assigned a specific machine by order or order for the enterprise. When transferring to a machine of another type or when changing the technological process, the driver must be familiar with the design of the machine, work methods and listen to additional safety instructions.

1.11. It is forbidden for the driver to transfer control of the scraper to anyone.

1.12. Highly visible posters and warning notices are posted at all dangerous places in the working area of the machines.

1.13 To protect the body from pollution and ensure safe working conditions, workers are given overalls in accordance with applicable standards: cotton semi-overalls; {mittens combined; for outdoor work in winter, additionally: a cotton jacket with an insulating lining, cotton trousers with an insulating lining; felt boots.

1.14. Before starting work on a new site, the driver must obtain permission from the foreman.

1.15. Before starting work, the site is cleared of large foreign objects (large trees, stumps, stones, remains of buildings and metal structures, etc.).

1.16. It is necessary to check the condition of the scraper and eliminate the noticed malfunctions. It is strictly forbidden to work on a malfunctioning machine, as this may lead to an accident.

1.10. The control platform must not be cluttered with foreign objects and tools.

1.11. It is strictly forbidden to be on the machine to persons not connected with the performance of the work process, as well as to get off the scraper and sit on it while driving.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting the engine, you must: make sure that there are no foreign objects on rotating parts; make sure the gearshift lever is in the neutral position; Wipe dry all exterior parts of the machine that have been contaminated with gasoline or oil to prevent possible ignition.

2.2. Fire safety regulations must be observed when refueling, operating and maintaining an internal combustion engine.

2.3. It is advisable to refuel the vehicles with fuel and lubricants during the daytime. In the case of refueling at night, the lighting of the refueling site must be electric, and the lamps are protected by grids. Access to the filling point is only allowed from the designated side

2.4. Smoking is prohibited in gas stations.

2.5. It is strictly forbidden to use open fire to heat the engine at low temperatures.

2.6. When starting the engine in cold weather, hot water must be poured into the radiator, and heated oil into the crankcase.

2.7. Refueling and parking areas must be provided with fire-fighting equipment.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. When constructing a subgrade on a slope, use scrapers to build a road embankment with a height of more than 30 cm and a steepness of more than 20° dangerous, as they may tip over sideways. In these cases, medium and heavy bulldozers with a universal blade are used for cutting soils, and they are used only for finishing the slopes of ditches and reserves, leveling and leveling the soil on the roadbed.

3.2. Before starting the work of the scraper, the driver must give a sound signal, which must always be in good order.

3.3. When working on a mountain slope, it is difficult to make turns of the scraper, so it is necessary to select the longest sections of passages (over 500 m).

3.5. It is necessary to develop soil on freshly filled and unprotected embankments with a height of more than 1,5 m with extreme caution. You can not drive up to the edge closer than 1 m.

3.6. Before descending from the mountain, still on a flat area, turn on the first or second gear and move on. this gear until the end of the descent. It is strictly forbidden to shift gears when descending from a mountain or move out of it at high speeds. disengage the main clutch and apply the handbrake. The latter is intended only for braking the car in the parking lot and it is not allowed to use it for braking while driving.

3.7. Do not leave the scraper on slopes if there is no operator at the workplace.

3.8. It is forbidden to work with a scraper in areas not cleared of large stumps, stones, scrap metal. During the movement of the scraper, it is not allowed to remove stones, roots and other objects from under the working equipment (knife), to be near the wheels in order to avoid injuries in case of unexpected skidding of the scraper to the side.

3.9. During the operation of the scraper in conditions of poor visibility (dark hours, snowfall, fog), the safety regulations should be especially carefully observed.

The scraper must have lighting and light signaling facilities in good condition. Bright light sources should not interfere with passing traffic. Valley marker lights to be on constantly.

3.10. Do not leave the scraper with the engine running unattended.

3.12. The driver must monitor the condition of the hoses and their connections, preventing leakage of hydraulics from the system.

3.14. Lubricate, adjust and make any repairs to controls, hydraulic lines, etc. when the engine is running is prohibited.

3.15. Excavation work with a scraper in the area of underground utilities is allowed only with the written permission of the organizations responsible for their operation. Work in the communication zone is carried out under the supervision of a foreman or foreman.

3.16. The scraper operator must:

closely monitor the operation of the engine;
check the reliability of the brake system;
behind the cutting edge of the working body;
behind the indication of control and measuring devices;
for the proper operation of control mechanisms;
behind the work area.

3.19. During the movement of the scraper, it is not allowed to pull out objects that have fallen into the bucket from the bucket. Do not stand on the frame of the machine.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If equipment defects are found that pose a danger to human life and damage to the scraper, immediately stop work with an audible signal, as well as in cases where there are obstacles that cannot be overcome by lifting the working body.

4.2. In the event of a traffic accident and injury to the driver, it is necessary:

call an ambulance;
call the traffic police;
notify the supervisor.

4.3. If the hydraulic hose breaks, immediately turn off the engine and take measures to replace it. Notify the work manager.

4.4. To prevent steam burns or hot water ejected from the radiator when the engine overheats, the radiator cap is removed with a hand protected by a glove or rag.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1 After finishing work, the driver must: put the car in the place reserved for its parking, turn off the engine and turn on the brake; check the technical condition of the machine (inform the local mechanic about major malfunctions for them to be eliminated by the repair team, and fix minor malfunctions yourself).

5.2. In the cold season, drain the water from the radiator engine and the oil from the crankcase.

5.4. Clean the machine from dirt and soil, tighten the bolted connections, lubricate the rubbing parts.

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