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59. PSYCHOLOGY IN RUSSIA IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD
During the Soviet era, psychology was formed mainly as a traditional science.
The paradigmatic transformations that occurred in psychology at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s oriented it toward social practice as their immediate result. Psychology is expected to be able to offer vectors for social practice and to discover what is inaccessible to other areas of knowledge. In recent years, the number of institutions offering applied psychology has increased sharply. Many journals are published that highlight the results of practice-oriented studies.
The psychology of activity is being vigorously formed in all areas (engineering, military, space, ergonomics - V. P. Zinchenko, E. A. Klimov, B. F. Lomov, V. M. Munipov, etc.).
Legal psychology develops in the works of M. M. Kochetov, A. R. Ratinov.
The development of questions of political psychology was new for psychology in Russia, but this trend is becoming increasingly famous and is being studied by G. M. Andreeva, G. G. Diligensky, I. G. Dubov, P. N. Shikhirev.
With the transformation of the economic worldview in the country, certain areas of psychology have lost their relevance from the point of view of “profitability”. In a situation of imitation of Western practicality, individual trends cannot stand the test of practice, and their formation is greatly slowed down by this phenomenon. One of these “outsiders” is zoopsychology, studied by V. M. Borovsky, V. A. Wagner, I. P. Pavlova, G. Z. Raginsky.
There are intensified searches that ensure the correction of pathologies of speech, thinking and consciousness by referring to the potentials of psychology. The psychologist carries out the necessary diagnostics of the patient's mental state, providing scientifically proven prevention of disorders of subjective formation in people at risk.
Neuropsychology and psychoneurology acquire their place and their problems, ratifying their own authority in the field of medicine. The so-called neurolinguistic programming and Ericksonian hypnosis as methods of working with the subject in counseling sessions acquired immediate development. Widespread in the West, these movements are quite young in Russia. Such types of activities with the population as training groups, face-to-face personal consultations, remote consultation (by telephone and by correspondence), and psychological development seminars have been widely studied.
The range of problems with which people seek psychological help is increasing: issues of interpersonal relationships, sexual anomalies, problems of subjective growth, child-parent conflicts, phobias, deviant behavior.
The need for competent psychological assistance stimulates the formation of medical psychology.
Author: Anokhina Z.V.
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