История психологии. Глубинная психология (самое важное)

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История психологии. Глубинная психология (самое важное)

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60. DEEP PSYCHOLOGY

Depth psychology is the general name for a wide variety of concepts in psychiatry and psychology. These concepts are based on the position of the leading role of irrational, unconscious, instinctive, affective-emotional, intuitive processes, as well as impulses, aspirations, motives in mental life, human activity and influencing the formation of his personal characteristics. Depth psychology is a branch of Western psychology. The most famous areas of depth psychology are: individual psychology

A. Adler, Freudianism, analytical conception of C. G. Jung, existential analysis of L. Binswanger, "hormic" conception of B. McDougall, neofredism.

Z. Freud formulated the main concepts in depth psychology, such as fixation, regression, repression, etc. A. Adler defined the desire for self-affirmation as one of the main motives. Subsequently, the system developed by A. Adler became the source of "cultural-sociological" tendencies in depth psychology. On the other hand, C. G. Jung expanded the idea of the functions and structure of the unconscious, including the collective unconscious. The ideas of depth psychology have had a significant impact on various branches of psychology, as well as medicine. She influenced the development of a branch of medicine that considers the influence of psychological factors on somatic diseases. Pathological states of the psyche are not defined as diseases, but as psychological difficulties, psychological conflicts that have taken a pronounced open form. Rejecting the introspective view, which identified the psyche with its "appearance", openness to the consciousness of the subject, depth psychology has taken a position that is incompatible with the scientific determinant approach.

The main, motivating causes of a person's actions are studied as originally embedded in his psychological dynamic apparatus, which is unconscious in its essence. L. S. Vygotsky, proceeding from Marxist theory, contrasted both “superficial” psychology, which studies various phenomena of consciousness by an introspective method, i.e., the method of self-observation, and “peak” depth psychology, which studies the dependence of a system of psychological functions (including will and affects) from historically changing forms of culture.

When evaluating depth psychology as a complex and heterogeneous complex, it becomes necessary to distinguish between the methods of therapy proposed by it, various established new facts from the section of the psychology of the unconscious, and the existing philosophical and theoretical interpretations, which often have a mechanistic or irrationalist character.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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