История психологии. Психологическая установка (самое важное)

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История психологии. Психологическая установка (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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70. PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTALLATION

It determines the readiness for psychological activity and can be different, it is a dependent concept: on the individual and the period of time, spiritual motivation, expectations, beliefs, inclinations, which affects not only the specific attitude to various objects, facts, events, opinions, but also before only on the form in which these phenomena are presented, i.e., their realization in the world of perceptions.

A psychological attitude is a certain state, which, not being the content of consciousness, meanwhile has a significant impact on its work. In this case, the present state of affairs could be defined as follows: representations and thoughts, emotions and feelings, acts of volitional decisions are the content of conscious mental life, and when these mental manifestations begin to act, they are necessarily accompanied by consciousness. To be aware means to think and imagine, to experience certain emotions and to perform volitional acts. For the installation to occur, two conditions must be present: the subject's actual need and the situation leading to its satisfaction. If both of these conditions are present, then the subject has an attitude towards activity. A certain state of consciousness and the content corresponding to it is formed only on the basis of a given attitude. Thus, it is necessary to accurately distinguish, on the one hand, a specific attitude, and on the other, the specific content of consciousness. The attitude is nothing determined from this content, and, consequently, it is impossible to characterize it in terms of the phenomena of consciousness.

Distinguish between internal attitudes, which are conditioned by needs, focus of attention, as well as attitudes caused by certain external events: objective and subjective attitudes. In an intermediate position are attitudes that have arisen as a result of past experience that has a connection with this subject and have been preserved for a long period of time (enmity, friendship, trust, respect, etc.).

The psychological attitude is such a relationship between the contemplative person and objects in which certain reactions occur not only upon repeated exposure, but also in the case when they are expected to occur, which can be indicated by various omen signals. When studying a psychological attitude, it is advisable to monitor a large period of time.

To do this, it is necessary to fix it to a certain extent, which is achieved by repeated exposure to stimuli. Such experiences are called fixing or adjusting, and the attitude that arose as a result of these experiences is called a fixed psychological attitude.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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