Features of survival in the desert. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Features of survival in the desert. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Deserts - these are places of extremes: intense heat during the day, cold - at night, very few plants, trees, lakes and rivers. Deserts can be found all over the world, covering about one-fifth of the Earth's surface. Among the best known are the Sahara, the Gobi, the Arabian Desert, and the flat plains of the southwestern United States.

Water - the main factor for survival in the desert. Carry it with you as much as you can, even if you have to leave something else behind.

Movement in the desert requires compliance with certain rules:

move only in the evening, at night or in the early morning;
take the easiest route possible, avoiding loose sands, difficult terrain, paths along track tracks. In sand dunes, walk on hard sand in the valley - between dunes or along dune ridges;
dress appropriately to be protected from direct sunlight and excessive perspiration;
watch your feet. Boots are the best shoes for walking in the desert. Cross the dunes barefoot only in cool weather, otherwise the sand will burn your feet;
follow the tracks of caravans in order to avoid loose sands or rocky areas;
check the map if possible. Keep in mind that maps of desert areas are usually inaccurate;
find shelter during sandstorms. Do not attempt to move in poor visibility.

Shelter from the sun, heat and possible sandstorms is essential to survive in the wilderness. Since there is basically no material for building a shelter, it is necessary to use the following ways:

1. Get yourself some protection from the sun.

2. If you have a tarp or other suitable material, dig a hole and cover the edges. In rocky deserts or deserts with bushes, thorns, or mounds overgrown with tall grass, throw a tarp or blanket over the rocks or bushes.

3. To create a shadow or shelter, use the features of the terrain - both natural and man-made - a tree, a rock, a pile of stones, a shadow of dunes or a cave.

The importance of water cannot be overestimated. It is essential, no matter how well matched your food supplies are. The main sources of drinking water can be plants, lakes, wells, sand. Save water.

Stay always dressed. Clothing helps control perspiration by preventing sweat from evaporating so quickly that it loses its cooling properties. You will feel cooler without a shirt, but you will sweat more and may also get burned.

Do not hurry. With less water consumption, less sweating, you will last longer.

Do not use washing water until you have a reliable source of it.

Do not swallow water in one gulp. Drink it in small sips. If you're running out of water, use it only to wet your lips.

As a heat reliever, hold small pebbles in your mouth or chew grass. You can reduce water loss by breathing through your nose. Do not speak.

Use salt only with water and only if there is enough water. Salt increases thirst.

Since wells are the main source of water in the desert, the best way to find them is to travel along the local road. There are other ways to find water in the desert. Signs of water presence:

Raw sand. Wherever you find wet sand, dig a well.

Dried up streams. There is water right below them. If the stream dries up, the water descends to the lowest point on the surface at the point where the channel turns. In search of water, dig along these turns.

In real desert areas, birds fly over wells, watch the flight of birds, especially at sunset and dawn.

And a few more comments about the extraction and consumption of water:

Due to the high temperature differences in the desert, water can condense, especially in some areas. Chilled rocks or any metal surface will work as a dew condenser. Remove the dew with a piece of cloth and wring it out. The dew evaporates just after sunrise and must be collected before then.

Ignore romantic stories about poisoned wells. These stories mainly assume that water contains salt, alkali, and tastes bad.

Disinfect any water.

It's hard to find food in the desert. But it still ranks second in importance compared to water. And you can go without it for a few days without any health consequences.

Distribute food from the start. Do not eat anything for the first 24 hours and do not eat until you have water.

All plants in the desert are edible, but some of its species growing in the Sahara or the Gobi are tasteless and unnutritious. Try any plant you find, it's not deadly. Dates can be found in northern Africa, Southwest Asia, and parts of India and China.

In the desert it is more important to drink than to eat.

Protect yourself from direct sunlight, excessive sweating, and the many annoying insects that live in the desert.

Cover your body and head well during the day. Wear long pants and a long sleeve shirt.

Wear fabric around your neck to protect it from the sun at the back.

If any part of the clothing needs to be left to lighten the load, keep the part of the clothing that is necessary to protect against the cold of the night in the desert.

Wear loose clothing.

Unfasten clothing only in heavy shade. Reflected sunlight can cause sunburn.

Avoid getting sand and insects into your shoes and socks, even if you need to stop frequently to clean your shoes.

If you don't have boots, make some wraps out of whatever material you have on hand. To do this, cut out two strips, each 7-10 cm wide and at least 1 m long. Wrap them around your legs in a spiral, starting from the foot, from the bottom up to the lower leg. This will keep you out of the sand.

Craft a pair of sandals from the wall of an old car tire if there are cars around. However, it is better to reinforce the soles of the boots with a durable cloth if worn soles are a problem.

When resting in the shade, take off your shoes and socks. Do this carefully, as your feet may swell and it can be very difficult to put your socks back on.

Don't try to go barefoot. Sand can cause burns on the legs. In addition, walking barefoot on salt hard surfaces can cause alkaline burns.

Make shoes with wooden soles to protect your feet while you move. Nail the strap to the pieces of wood and tie it to the leg. Protect your upper legs from the sun.

Dehydration is one of the biggest dangers in the desert. To avoid this process, you need to know the following:

In the desert heat, thirst alone is not an accurate indicator of how much water you need. Dehydration can still continue slowly even when you are no longer thirsty. Drink more water whenever possible, especially with meals. drinking water only during meals does not rule out a tendency to become dehydrated between meals, however, the normal state will be restored after eating and drinking. However, due to the loss of energy along with the loss of water, you will often feel tired.

The strength lost as a result of dehydration will quickly be restored if you drink water.

Water loss does not entail any irreversible complications, even if you lose up to 10% of your weight.

At 25% fluid loss, you can survive if the air temperature is +30°C or colder. At temperatures above +32°C, a loss of 15% of the liquid is dangerous.

Signs of fluid loss.

First there is thirst and general malaise, followed by a desire to slow down any movement and loss of appetite. As you continue to lose water, you are overcome by drowsiness. Your temperature rises, and by the time you've lost 5% of your weight, you start to feel nauseous. When you lose 6-10% of your body weight, the symptoms will increase in the following order: dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, trembling legs and arms, dry mouth, bluish coloration of the body, impaired speech, loss of ability to walk.

How to prevent water loss.

Nothing can replace water. Alcohol, salt water, gasoline only increase dehydration. In an emergency, you can drink salt water (containing half the amount of salt present in sea water) and get a net increase in body fluids. Any fluid containing a higher percentage of unusable elements can only disrupt the body's cooling system. Chewing gum or stones in the mouth can be a pleasant form of respite from the pangs of thirst, but they cannot replace water and do not contribute to maintaining a normal body temperature.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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