History of psychology. Humanistic psychology (most important)

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History of psychology. Humanistic psychology (most important)

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69. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

Humanistic psychology (HP) (from Latin humanus - "human") is a trend that studies the semantic structures of a person. Like cognitive psychology, HP was the opposite of behaviorism and psychoanalysis, in relation to these areas it was considered a "third force", which becomes the so-called life psychology. GP emerged in the early 1960s. thanks to the American psychologist A. Maslow, who formulated the basic principles of the direction. The HP proved that the results of animal research cannot be transferred to understanding human personality.

Also known are the studies of such luminaries of psychology as: G. Allport, S. Buhler, K. Rogers, G. A. Murray and others. Numerous personality studies of the late 1930s served as prerequisites for the emergence of HP. and the post-World War II period.

The main principle of HP is that a person is born kind and positive, and all negative manifestations are formed only on the basis of his environment. In fact, the world around a person contributes to the emergence of aggressiveness, anger and anger in him. The main subject of study of the GP is a specific holistic personality with all its components (activity, self-improvement, etc.) and possible problems. Human activity should always be motivated by the desire for justice and truth - it is these values that form personal potential. The GP considers the individual, first of all, as an active subject of activity, who himself has the right to choose the way of behavior. Knowledge of GP is of great importance for educators who want to achieve the best result in the learning process. To a lesser extent, the GP was engaged in the development of theoretical methods, researchers were more interested in the issues of their application in practice.

One of the most striking developments in this area can be called "client-centered therapy" by C. Rogers. In his work, he proposed the theory of a functioning creative personality. Later on, based on this therapeutic approach, other group therapy methods were developed. In GP, the theory and practice of therapy are inextricably linked, which determines the successful work of scientists in this field of psychological science.

But it is impossible not to notice the fact that the methods of HP are opposed to the methods of scientific psychology: the clinical and biographical method of HP against the experimental method and statistical study of scientific psychology.

GP has made a great contribution to the development of the psychotherapeutic direction and the theory of personality, its counseling. Thanks to the developments of humanist researchers, a developing personality was included in psychology, whose behavior was considered from all sides of scientific knowledge.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

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