History of psychology. The subject and tasks of psychology (the most important)

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History of psychology. The subject and tasks of psychology (the most important)

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1. SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology (Greek psyche - "soul", "butterfly") is not only the doctrine of the soul, as was previously believed. At present, psychology has become a full-fledged science that studies the processes of the emergence and development of the psyche of humans and animals. The very first mention of psychological science appeared more than 2000 years ago, when Aristotle wrote his Treatise on the Soul. But at that time psychology was not considered a separate science, it was only a branch of philosophy.

The term "scientific psychology" was first used in the 2th century. Christian Wolf, who was engaged in the study of personality. As an independent science, psychology was declared only in the second half of the XNUMXth century. This was preceded by a long way of its development and formation.

Aristotle in his Treatise on the Soul considered psychology as the science of the soul. Everything that could not be understood was explained by the fact that a person has a soul.

In the XNUMXth century the natural sciences developed rapidly. In this regard, a new branch of psychological study emerged - human consciousness. Of particular importance was the method of internalization: the person himself observed his behavior and tried to describe the most significant moments.

At the beginning of the XX century. the behavioral psychology of J. Watson appeared, through which human behavior and its reactions to various external stimuli were considered.

The subject of modern psychology is the general patterns of the psyche of humans and animals. At this stage, psychology began to study the inner mental world of a person, conscious and unconscious by him.

From this we can conclude that the subject of psychology has changed at each stage of its study. With the formation of psychology as a separate science, one can see that from the original subject of the "soul" researchers came to the subject of the "psyche". All this happened against the backdrop of the emergence and development of various psychological trends, such as: behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, analytical psychology, etc.

According to the German psychologist of the late XIX - early XX centuries. Hermann Ebbinghaus, psychology has a huge backstory and a short history.

Subject of scientific psychology:

1) the psyche of a healthy person in physical and psychological terms;

2) individual facts of the mental side of human life, described qualitatively and quantitatively;

3) psychological laws that describe and explain the phenomena of human life;

4) the mechanism of creation by a person of a subjective image of the objective world.

Tasks of psychology:

1) study of the laws of the psyche and its activities;

2) the study of the development of the psyche at different stages of a person's life (mental processes and states, different in complexity);

3) disclosure of human properties from the position of social and biological.

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

>> Forward: Functions of modern psychological science, its branches

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