Radar metal detectors, theory. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / metal detectors
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Recent achievements in the field of theoretical developments and practical application of microwave technology, as well as the development of the element base (including microprocessor technology) allow us to expect that in the very near future there will be designs of metal object detectors that will use the principle of radar. Interest in devices that use the radar principle is explained by the fact that the range of such metal detectors is incomparably higher than that of other types of detectors.
Currently, in various sources you can find very original circuit solutions for such metal detectors. However, their practical implementation is still quite difficult.
The basis for the construction of such devices is the principle used in radar (Fig. 1.5). As in radars, information about the presence of an object in the coverage area of the device (range, dimensions, etc.) is estimated after processing the parameters of the pulse signal reflected from this object.
Rice. 1.5. Simplified block diagram of a radar metal detector
The pulse signal generated by the pulse generator modulates the transmitter signal, which is emitted by the antenna. Upon reaching the object, the transmitted signal is reflected from it. The reflected signal is received by the antenna and then fed through the antenna switch and receiver to the analyzer. The analyzer stages are also fed with a signal generated by a pulse generator.
Both signals received by the analyzer are compared, after which the differences are evaluated, followed by the formation of data for the display unit. In this case, information about the distance to the detected object is formed after estimating the delay time of the reflected signal, and information about the size of the object is formed from the amplitude of this signal.
Author: Adamenko M.V.
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