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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who was the first to use drugs? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who was the first to use drugs? Many of us use drugs, but few know what it is. These medicines, which are used in medicine to treat disease, prevent disease, and improve health, are called pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology is the science of drugs and their use in medicine. The preparation of medicines is such an ancient art that we do not even know when it was born. The first medicines were prepared by shamans who were believed by the ancients to be able to magically transform plants into healing agents. Later, the treatment of diseases turned into a special science. It was not difficult to prepare a concoction of herbs and minerals. Therefore, the doctors of ancient Greece and Rome not only treated patients, but also prepared medicines themselves. The art of pharmacology originated with the Arabs. By the 40th century, they had collected all the medical information known by that time. They borrowed from the Persians their knowledge of medicinal plants. The Arabs obtained many medicines from plants. In the XNUMXth century, Arabic recipes for the preparation of medicines spread to Europe. But these recipes were incredibly complex. Many of the Arabic medicines had more than XNUMX ingredients. By 1500, some drugs needed more than 100 ingredients. Pharmacists began to study plants again in order to create simpler preparations. Pharmacology remained virtually unchanged until the XNUMXth century. Scientists were not only interested in the composition of drugs, but also their effect on humans. They started experimenting on animals. And in the XNUMXth century, the manufacture of medicines moved from private pharmacists to industrial companies. Author: Likum A.
How does an earthworm eat? The earthworm can be called the most important animal in the world. Important, of course, from a human point of view, since the activity of these creatures prepares the ground for the growing season on which life depends. Earthworms loosen the soil, crush it in the process of eating. On half a hectare of the garden, worms pass through their bodies about 16 tons of soil in 1 year. With their help, the roots of plants receive air and moisture, they contribute to the decay of dead plants and animal remains, and plant seeds of plants. This happens when they drag leaves into their burrows while grabbing seeds from the surface. Earthworm fertilizer contains lime, which enriches the soil. The importance of this can be seen in one example. Scientists have discovered an area with one of the most fertile soils. They calculated that there are 108 tons of earthworm waste per half a hectare. That's why this area has been so fertile for hundreds of years! There are so many earthworms in the soil that if we take them all, for example, from the United States, then their weight will be 10 times the weight of the population. The body of the worms consists of two tubes nested one inside the other. The internal is the digestive system. When the worm wants to eat, it turns its throat out and grabs pieces of soil. Then he advances them into the tube with the help of special muscles. The earth first enters the pantry, which is called the goiter, and then into the second stomach. The sand helps the worm break up the soil. It is then digested and exits the body as waste. The earthworm does not have eyes, but it does have sensory cells on the surface of its body. This gives him the ability to distinguish light from darkness and feel subtle touches. He breathes through his skin. Earthworms live in good, moist soil. They cannot live in sand. They come to the surface only at night. In winter, they curl up into a ball and sleep. When you see a worm on the surface, it means that it is looking for a new home or more nutritious soil. Worms cannot live in sunlight.
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