History of psychology. Freudianism (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of psychology. Freudianism (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

63. FREUDISM

Freudianism is a direction named after the Austrian psychologist Z. Freud, which explains the development and structure of the personality by irrational, mental principles opposite to consciousness and applies the technique of psychotherapy based on these ideas. Formed as a concept of explaining and treating neuroses, Freudianism (F.) later elevated its provisions to the category of a general doctrine of man, society and culture, gaining great influence. The core of F. defines the idea of an eternal hidden war between the unconscious mental capabilities hidden in the depths of the individual and the need to survive in a social environment hostile to this individual. A veto from the latter, inflicting mental trauma, suppresses the energy of unconscious desires, which breaks through in detours in the form of neurotic symptoms, as well as dreams, erroneous actions (slips of the tongue, slips of the tongue), forgetting the unpleasant, etc.

Three components are distinguished in the structure of personality: id ("it"), ego ("I") and super-ego ("super-I").

The id is the focus of blind instincts, either sexual or aggressive, which strive for immediate gratification, regardless of how the subject relates to external reality. It contributes to the adaptation to the real environment of the ego, which reads information about the surrounding reality and the state of the body, remembers it and regulates the response of the individual in the interests of his self-preservation. The super-ego uses moral standards, prohibitions and encouragement, which are acquired by the personality mostly unconsciously in the process of upbringing, most often from parents. Arising as a result of the mechanism of identification of a child with an adult, it can manifest itself in the form of conscience and can cause feelings of fear and guilt. Since the demands placed on the ego by the id, the superego, and external reality (to which the individual has to adapt) are incompatible, the person is inevitably in a situation of conflict. This leads to unbearable tension, from which the individual escapes with the help of "protective mechanisms" - repression, sublimation, rationalization, regression. An important role in the formation of F.'s motivation is assigned to childhood, which allegedly unambiguously determines the roles of the character and attitudes of an adult personality. The task of psychotherapy is considered in identifying traumatic experiences and freeing a person from them through catharsis, awareness of repressed drives, understanding the causes that led to neurotic symptoms. For this, the analysis of dreams, the method of "free associations", etc. are used. F. introduced a number of important problems into psychology - unconscious motivation, the ratio of normal and pathological manifestations of the psyche, its defense mechanisms, the influence of the sexual factor, the role of childhood traumas on the behavior of an adult, etc. .

Author: Anokhina Z.V.

<< Back: Descriptive psychology

>> Forward: The evolution of behaviorism

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Agricultural law. Crib

▪ Social Psychology. Crib

▪ Urology. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Named the most attractive type of woman 07.01.2018

Men more often prefer blondes than brunettes or brown-haired women. As a result of a large-scale study, specialists from the University of Augsburg in Minnesota (USA) came to this conclusion.

The researchers showed 110 male volunteers photographs of women with blonde, dark, and black hair turned back to the lens. After reviewing the pictures, most men considered younger blondes to be more attractive.

Scientists explain this choice by the fact that with age, hair often darkens, and lighter ones look younger.

Along with this, the majority of men admitted that they would rather choose a woman with dark hair or a brown-haired woman for marriage and creating a family. This time, the subjects explained their choice by the fact that they consider blondes to be somewhat frivolous.

Other interesting news:

▪ Electricity from mushrooms and wooden floor

▪ hemp meat

▪ LMZ10501 - DC/DC nanomodule with load current up to 1 A

▪ The magnetic charge of the proton and antiproton is measured

▪ Professions disappearing and promising

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electronic directories. Article selection

▪ article Wedding video filming. video art

▪ article What is the largest mammal on the planet? Detailed answer

▪ article Thermoelectric jigsaw. home workshop

▪ article Cement for stones and slabs. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article Phase detector for a wide voltage range. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews