Simple charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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A simple charger is designed to charge batteries up to 55 Ah and automatically maintain the charging current at a predetermined level.
The principle of operation of the device is based on the redistribution of the supply voltage between the series-connected capacitor and the primary winding of the transformer. During the charging process, the voltage at the battery terminals increases, and the charging current decreases. In this case, the reduced resistance of the primary winding increases, the voltage drop across the primary winding increases, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the voltage across the secondary winding and, accordingly, the charge current. As a result, the charging current is maintained at the set level.
In order for the device to provide a charging current of up to 5,5 A, the power of the transformer must not be less than 160 ... 170 W. You can use a suitable transformer from TVs. The cross-sectional area of the transformer magnetic circuit must be 18 cm2 or more (if the magnetic circuit is tape, then the minimum cross-sectional area is 10 cm2). It is necessary to remove all secondary windings from the coil and wind a new one with PEV-2 - 1,4 wire. The voltage on each half of this winding at idle should be approximately 27 V. The number of turns of each secondary half winding can be calculated if the number of turns of the primary winding at 220 V is multiplied by a factor of 0,12 (27/220).
The secondary winding can be wound without a lead from the middle. In this case, the total number of turns should be equal to the number of turns of the half-winding, but the wire diameter should be at least 2 mm. The rectifier is assembled according to a bridge circuit of four diodes.
In addition to those indicated in the diagram, diodes D234, D244 can be used. Diodes must be installed on radiators with a surface area of at least 100 cm2 (for each diode). Capacitors C1 and C2 - MBGP for an operating voltage of 600 V. Each of them is a set of capacitors of a smaller capacity. Ammeter P1 can be any, designed for direct current up to 6 A.
Switch S1 (toggle switch TV2-1) is used to select the charging current. In position 1, the charging current is 5,5 A (for a 6ST-55 battery), and in position 2, it is about half as much. By an appropriate choice of capacitor capacities, any value of the charging current can be obtained.
Establishing a charger comes down to the selection of capacitors C1 and C2. The switch is set to position 1. A discharged 6ST-55 battery is connected to the device and the charge current is measured. If the current is less than the rated current - 5,5 A (0,1 of the nominal battery capacity, expressed in ampere-hours), increase the capacitance of capacitors C1 and C2, adding in parallel to each of them additional capacitors with a capacity of 0,25 ... 0,5 μF . Do not turn on the charger without load in order to avoid breakdown of capacitors.
See other articles Section Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells.
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