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Helmet-wearing cyclist takes more risks

13.01.2016

Psychologists from the University of Bath in the UK, Tim Gamble (Tim Gamble) and Ian Walker (Ian Walker) found that a cyclist in a helmet is 30% more likely to risk than without it. Thus, the advantages of this type of protection against injuries are practically leveled, scientists say.

The study involved 80 cyclists. Some of them received special protective helmets, the rest - ordinary caps. For the sake of clarity, the participants were not told the purpose of the experiment, they believed that it tracked the movement of their eyes while riding using special equipment on the headgear.

Using a specially designed scale, the riding strategies of all cyclists were evaluated. And it turned out that those who wore a protective helmet were 30% more likely to take risks and seek new sensations while riding a bicycle. According to psychologists, their study shows that people tend to take more risks when they feel protected by special equipment, which ultimately leads to the fact that the risk of injury remains high.

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Microplastics can enter the brain 03.06.2023

Tiny plastic particles enter the body with food, water and air, accumulating in tissues and cells. This is no longer news, and take it for granted. Scientists even brought out the name for this phenomenon - "plasticosis". But it was believed that the central nervous system is sufficiently protected from the penetration of foreign material by the blood-brain barrier. However, scientists have found that plastic is able to overcome it. And within a couple of hours after eating, microplastics can even penetrate the brain.

The millions of tons of plastic that end up in nature every year are not dead weight. Slowly decomposing, they spread in soil, water and air, getting into living organisms. Tiny plastic particles accumulate in plants and animals. And subsequently can cause the most serious health problems.

How does plastic find its way into our fabrics? With food, it ends up in the intestines, from where it is carried by blood and other fluids throughout the body. Penetrates into tissues, even affects cells. Until now, it was believed that so far there is one organ that is reliably protected from plastic pollution - this is the brain.

But new work from scientists at the Medical University of Vienna has shown that the central nervous system is defenseless against plastic. Experiments on mice that received several particles of polystyrene with food showed that as early as two hours after eating, the smallest particles ended up in the brains of animals.

The blood-brain barrier of the central nervous system is formed by several layers of particularly densely packed cells. They control the movement of substances between the CNS and other parts of the body. And they protect it from microbes, toxins and even "external" immune cells that can cause great harm to sensitive nervous tissue. As the experiments of Kenner and his colleagues showed, only small plastic particles, the size of which does not exceed 0,001 millimeters, can overcome this limit.

Scientists have found that a key role in the ability of microplastics to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is played by its biomolecular crown. Only a tiny fragment of plastic appears in the body, various biological substances, including cholesterol, “stick around” its surface. It is the presence of such a shell that allows tiny particles to overcome the last level of the body's defenses and end up in its holy of holies - the human brain.

So far, scientists find it difficult to clearly say what violations the accumulation of microplastics in the body will lead to. But it is known for certain that plasticosis is at least evidence of contamination of the body.

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