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Inexpensive replacement for diamond

12.07.2013

Scientists have found that a relatively inexpensive material can replace expensive diamonds in high-performance electronics. We are talking about thermal conductivity, which at room temperature diamond is more than 2000 watts per meter per degree Kelvin, which is 5 times higher than that of the best metal conductors such as copper. Due to this unique property of diamonds, they are sometimes used to remove heat from the cores of high-performance processors. Unfortunately, even synthetic diamonds are too expensive to be widely used in electronics such as home personal computers.

The high thermal conductivity of diamond is familiar to scientists and is explained by the small mass of carbon atoms and the rigid chemical bonds between them. However, scientists recently discovered that another compound has the same record thermal conductivity: unlike diamond, boron arsenide with a cubic crystal lattice. A team of theoretical physicists from Boston College and the US Naval Research Laboratory decided to find out how a chemical compound of boron and arsenic can compete with diamond. A new theoretical approach allowed scientists to discover the secret of the high thermal conductivity of boron arsenide.

Unlike metals, where heat is transferred by electrons, diamond and arsenide are dielectrics, they transfer heat using vibrational waves that move from atom to atom. In this case, the collision of these waves creates an internal resistance to the heat flow.

Physicists were surprised to discover an unusual interaction of certain vibrational properties of boron arsenide, which usually remained out of the view of scientists studying the thermal conductivity of electrical insulators. It turns out that the collision between oscillatory waves in a certain frequency range is much rarer than at other frequencies. As a result, at a certain oscillation frequency, boron arsenide conducts more heat and is similar in these parameters to diamond.

The new study provides a fresh look at the physics of heat transfer in a material and at the same time illustrates the power of modern computational methods. In practice, the discovery will allow the development of new methods for removing heat from miniature electronics, which will dramatically increase its performance. It is also possible that new information can be applied to the development of highly efficient technologies for alternative energy.

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