The physical standard of the kilogram will be replaced by a quantum formula. Free Technical Library News

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The physical standard of the kilogram will be replaced by the quantum formula

14.11.2018

The world is no longer using the kilogram standard, which has been kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres, France since 1889. This is a small cylinder made of an alloy of platinum and iridium. The reason is that its mass can change.

"This is not very good, given the accuracy in measurements we need at the moment," said Thomas Grenon, head of France's National Laboratory for Metrology and Testing.

The kilogram remained the last measure that depended on the physical object. On November 16 in Versailles at the 26th General Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, everything will change. For a kilogram, the formula will be adopted. This will be a universal formula for determining the kilogram based on the laws of quantum physics.

Now a kilogram will be determined not by the weight of the standard, but by the amount of electrical energy needed to move an object weighing a kilogram. And the energy, in turn, is calculated on the basis of Planck's constant.

The General Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at the Paris Palace of Versailles will also discuss the definition of other major international units of measurement - the ampere (A) unit of electric current, the kelvin (K) unit of thermodynamic temperature, and the mole - a unit of measurement of the amount of substance.

The concept of gram and kilogram was introduced into science in 1795. Water was taken as the basis: it was believed that one kilogram is equal to the weight of a liter of water. For the mass standard, a platinum cylinder was first made, and then a platinum-iridium cylinder.

The standard was kept under reliable protection. Under two glass caps, from which the air was pumped out. Moreover, only three people in the whole world had access to the room where the standard stood. Everyone had their own key. But it was possible to open the door and enter the room with the standard only by turning three keys at the same time. But that didn't help either. By the end of the XNUMXth century, scientists discovered that the standard was gradually losing mass.

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