Logics. Unified classification of simple judgments (the most important)

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Logics. Unified classification of simple judgments (the most important)

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22. UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF SIMPLE JUDGMENTS

Combining quantitative and qualitative characteristics, attributive judgments are divided into four groups: general affirmative, general negative, particular affirmative and particular negative.

general affirmative - is a judgment that is general in quantity and affirmative in quality. For example, “Everyone who commits a crime must be subjected to a fair punishment.” The scheme of such a judgment is "All S are R", where the quantifier word “all” characterizes the quantity, the affirmative connective “essence” - the quality of the judgment.

general negative - judgment, general in quantity and negative in quality. For example, “No innocent person should be held criminally responsible.” The scheme of such a judgment is "Neither S alone is not P". The quantifier word “not one” characterizes quantity, the negative connective “is not” characterizes the quality of the judgment.

private affirmative - judgment, particular in quantity and affirmative in quality. For example, “Some court verdicts are guilty.” The scheme of such a judgment is "Some S are P". The quantifier word “some” indicates the quantity of the judgment, the affirmative connective expressed by the word “is” indicates its quality.

private negative - judgment is partial in quantity and negative in quality. For example, “Some court verdicts are not guilty.” The scheme of such a judgment is "Some S are not P". The quantifier word “some” indicates the quantity of the judgment, the negative connective “not” indicates its quality.

In logic, the abbreviated designation of judgments according to their combined classification is accepted: А - general affirmative judgments;

I - private affirmative;

Е - generally negative;

О - privately negative.

In the language of predicate logic, the considered judgments are written as follows:

А - (All S heart R);

Е - (Neither one S is not R);

I - (Some S are R);

О - (Some S are not P).

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