Logics. The subject and significance of logic in the system of scientific knowledge (the most important)

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Logics. The subject and significance of logic in the system of scientific knowledge (the most important)

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1. SUBJECT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LOGIC IN THE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

The term "logic" comes from the Greek. Logos - "thought", "word", "reason", "regularity", and is currently used in three main meanings. Firstly, to designate any objective regularity in the interconnection of phenomena, for example, "the logic of facts", "logic of things", "logic of history", etc. Secondly, to designate regularities in the development of thought, for example, "logic of reasoning", "the logic of thinking," etc. Thirdly, the science of the laws of thinking is called logic.

Thinking is studied by many sciences: psychology, cybernetics, physiology, etc. A feature of logic is that its subject is the forms and methods of correct thinking. Logic as a science includes such sections as formal logic, dialectical, symbolic, modal, etc.

So, logic - is the science of the methods and forms of correct thinking. The logical form of a specific thought is the structure of this thought, that is, the way in which its component parts are connected. Let us explain with an example the meaning of the concept “form of thinking”. Let's take two sentences: “All people are mortal” and “All rivers flow into the sea.” One of them is correct, the other is not. But they are the same in shape. Each one states something about a different subject. If we designate the object being spoken of by the letter S, and that which is being said by the letter P, we obtain the form of thought: all S are P; You can insert different content into it. Formal logic examines the basic forms of thinking: concept, judgment and inference, as well as the laws of their interrelation, by observing which one can obtain correct conclusions, provided that the initial provisions are true. Logical form, or the form of thinking, is a way of connecting the elements of thought, its structure, thanks to which the content exists and reflects reality.

In the real process of thinking, the content and form of thought exist in an inseparable unity. There is no "pure", devoid of form content, there are no "pure", meaningless logical forms. However, for the purposes of a special analysis, we have the right to abstract from the specific content of thought, making its form the subject of study.

Knowledge of logic increases the culture of thinking, contributes to the clarity, consistency and evidence of reasoning, enhances the effectiveness and persuasiveness of speech. It is especially important to know the basics of logic in the process of mastering new knowledge, it helps to notice logical errors in oral speech and in the written works of other people, to find shorter and more correct ways to refute these errors, and not to make them yourself.

Logic contributes to the formation of self-consciousness, the intellectual development of the individual, helps to form her scientific worldview.

Knowledge of logic is urgently needed for representatives of the media and medical workers, whose activities can affect the fate of people.

A court decision can be correct if not only its legal grounds are correct, but also the reasoning and logic are correct. Logic is of great importance for solving the whole range of legal problems, regulating labor, property and other relations, social and legal protection of citizens, etc.

>> Forward: The main historical stages in the development of logic

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