Logics. Classification. Judgment: essence and role in cognition (the most important)

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Logics. Classification. Judgment: essence and role in cognition (the most important)

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19. CLASSIFICATION. JUDGMENT: ESSENCE AND ROLE IN KNOWLEDGE

Classification - this is a special kind of division, which is the distribution of objects into groups (classes), in which each class has its own permanent, specific place. The classification differs in a number of properties.

▪ This is a division or a system of successive divisions, which are made in terms of characteristics that are essential for solving a theoretical and practical problem. For example, on the basis of atomic weight, Mendeleev’s periodic table of elements was created. When making a classification, it is important to take into account its purpose, i.e. indicate which problems it contributes to.

▪ When classifying, it is necessary to distribute objects into groups in such a way that one can judge their properties by their place in the classification (for example, by the place of a chemical element in Mendeleev’s periodic system one can judge its properties).

▪ The classification results can be presented in the form of tables or diagrams.

When creating classifications, it is important to take into account their relative nature, since the classification can often not take into account the transitional forms of the phenomenon. In addition, it may become outdated.

In addition to the considered classification, called scientific, in everyday life the so-called. artificial classification, i.e., the distribution of objects into classes according to insignificant features, for example, the distribution of surnames in alphabetical order.

Judgment - this is a form of thought through which the presence or absence of any connections and relationships between objects is revealed.

The hallmark of judgment is the affirmation or denial of something about something. The judgment may be true or false. The truth of a judgment is determined by its correspondence to reality, it does not depend on our attitude towards it and is objective. The truth of judgments about the simplest everyday situations is obvious and does not require special research. In science, it took years of hard work to confirm or deny any proposition. This also applies to legal practice.

All scientific truths are formulated in the form of judgments. They also serve as a universal form of spiritual communication between people, the exchange of information. The form of judgment is usually taken by articles of normative acts regulating the behavior of people in society.

Every proposition is expressed in a sentence, but not every proposition is a proposition. A judgment can be a sentence that communicates some information that is characterized as true or false, that is, it can only be a declarative sentence.

The same proposition can be expressed in different sentences. For example, "Aristotle is the founder of the science of logic" and "Educator A. Macedonian is the founder of the science of logic."

In turn, the same sentence can express different judgments. For example, the sentence "Aristotle is the founder of the science of logic" can express the following judgments: "Aristotle (and not anyone else) is the founder of the science of logic"; "Aristotle is the founder (and not the successor) of the science of logic"; "Aristotle is the founder of the science of logic (and not of physics or mathematics)."

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