Логика. Логическая характеристика вопросов (самое важное)

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Логика. Логическая характеристика вопросов (самое важное)

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34. LOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF QUESTIONS

Question - this is a thought expressed in an interrogative sentence, aimed at clarifying or supplementing the initial, or basic, knowledge. In the process of cognition, any question is based on some initial knowledge, which acts as its basis, acting as a prerequisite for the question. The cognitive function of the question is realized in the form of an answer to the question posed.

In legal proceedings, the question-answer form serves as a procedural and legal algorithm that determines the main directions, the most important positions and the limits of judicial research in criminal and civil cases.

Depending on the quality of the basic knowledge contained in the question, there are:

1) correctly placed, or correct - a question, the premise of which is true consistent knowledge;

2) misplaced or incorrect - a question with a false or inconsistent basis. An example would be the following question: "What kind of energy is used on a UFO?".

According to the cognitive function, questions are divided into two main types:

1) A clarifying question is a question aimed at identifying the truth of the judgment expressed in it.. For example: “Is it true that Columbus discovered America?” A grammatical feature of clarifying questions is the presence of the particle whether in the sentence: “Is it true that...”; "Does it..."; “Is it really that...” - and other synonymous expressions;

2) a replenishing question is a question aimed at clarifying new properties of the phenomena under study.

The grammatical feature of complementary questions is the presence of interrogative words in the sentence: who? What? When? How? - and others, with the help of which they seek to obtain additional information about what the object under study is.

By their composition, whether-questions and what-questions can be simple or complex.

A simple question is one that does not include other questions as components.. All of the above examples of whether-questions and what-questions are simple.

A complex question is one that includes other questions as components, united by logical connectives.. Depending on the type of connection, difficult questions may be:

a) connective (conjunctive);

b) dividing (disjunctive);

c) mixed (connecting and separating).

Depending on the topic under discussion:

1) substantive question - this is a request, directly or indirectly related to the topic under discussion, the answer to which clarifies or supplements the original information;

2) off topic question is a question that is not directly related to the topic under discussion. Usually such questions seem to be only superficially related to the problem under discussion. Acceptance and discussion of such issues often leads the discussion away from the main idea.

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