Poisoning. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Poisoning. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Children poisoning can be caused by various substances - drugs, detergents, houseplants, low-quality products, etc. The symptoms of the disease also depend on this. The main sign of poisoning is a sharp change in behavior.

Many poisons can cause only short-term intestinal upset, while others can cause serious damage to the lungs and intestinal tissues. In addition, there are several deadly poisons.

The main thing for you is to quickly establish what the child was poisoned with and start treatment before the doctor arrives. However, you cannot give your child medication on their own. On the phone, the doctor will give you the necessary instructions, depending on what the child was poisoned with and what his age is.

When to see a doctor

If the child is unconscious or choking, call emergency services. In other cases, immediately call the poison center, clinic or hospital for advice.

First aid at home

1. Reassure the child, monitor breathing and pulse.

2. If the child is conscious, try to find out what exactly he swallowed.

3. If the child chewed the pills or the poisonous plant, remove the remnants of the tablets or the plant left in the mouth.

4. Call an ambulance. Monitor your child continuously. Tell the doctor when the child has swallowed a poisonous substance, what (if you know) and how much. Take the box or jar it came in with you to the phone. This is necessary so that the doctor gives you instructions on how to act before he arrives.

Without consulting with specialists, do not induce vomiting in a child, because in case of poisoning with certain substances, this is not necessary or dangerous, since if they vomit, they can further damage the lungs and esophagus.

5. If you are unable to get advice from a doctor and it is also known that the child has not swallowed caustic substances and petroleum products, start gastric lavage. To do this, you need to make the child vomit.

ATTENTION!

Do not induce vomiting if the child has swallowed the following substances:

petroleum-based products: gasoline, kerosene, turpentine, furniture or car polish;
caustic substances: alkalis, strong acids;
cleaning agents: bleach, ammonia, toilet cleaners.

Never give your child any anti-poison medication without consulting a doctor.

Do not induce vomiting in children who are unconscious!

How to induce vomiting

The first method. Let him drink at least 500 ml of water. If vomiting does not start, then press two fingers on the root of the child's tongue.

Repeat the procedure several times until the child begins to vomit with clean water.

Observe the child for 1-2 hours after vomiting.

The second method. Give 1 tbsp. spoon (3 teaspoons) of ipecac syrup (vomit root), dilute it in 240 ml of water or non-carbonated fruit juice.

Place a large basin next to your child or take him to the bathroom.

To stimulate the action of the emetic root, rock the child on your lap for several minutes.

If vomiting does not start after 20 minutes, repeat the dose of syrup.

When the child starts vomiting, lay him face down, hanging his head over the pelvis (so that the doctor can later check if there is poison in the vomit).

Observe the child for 1-2 hours after vomiting.

If a child has swallowed a poisonous liquid, have them drink 2-3 glasses of water (but not milk) to dilute the liquid.

If a child has been poisoned by vapors of poisonous liquids: varnish (including nail polish), nail polish remover, glue, acetone, take him out into the fresh air as soon as possible or open windows in the apartment. Call a doctor right away.

poisonous mushroom poisoning

Mushroom poisoning is very serious, occurs with severe symptoms and requires urgent hospitalization. Moreover, you can even get poisoned by edible, poorly cooked mushrooms. All mushrooms contain both vegetable and animal fiber, so they are a very heavy food for babies. Until the age of 7, it is better not to feed mushrooms to children at all.

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms has different symptoms. Thus, the pale grebe contains persistent toxic substances (phalloin, phalloidin, amanite) that do not collapse when dried and heated. The poison of the pale toadstool has a toxic effect on the liver, kidneys, and intestines. The latent period, that is, the time from eating the mushroom to the onset of the first symptoms, can last from 6 to 24 hours. The disease is severe, urgent hospitalization of the child in a hospital is required.

Fly agaric contains poisons (muscarine, muscaridine), which are partially destroyed during heat treatment. Symptoms of poisoning appear 1-2 hours after eating fly agaric. Fly agaric poisons have a toxic effect on the nervous system, have a so-called cholinergic effect, which manifests itself in increased secretion of various glands, constriction of the pupils, etc.

The disease is severe, urgent hospitalization of the child in a hospital is required.

Morels, lines contain a toxic substance (galvelic acid), which is destroyed during heat treatment. Therefore, poisoning can occur when eating poorly cooked mushrooms and broth. The poison has mainly a local toxic effect on the intestines.

Symptoms of poisoning appear from 30 minutes to 2 hours, sometimes later. As a rule, the disease disappears in 1-2 days.

Signs of pale toadstool poisoning

Severe pain in the abdomen.

Indomitable vomiting.

Diarrhea with blood.

Consciousness.

The appearance of hallucinations.

Drop in blood pressure.

On the second or third day, symptoms of liver damage (jaundice, etc.) and kidneys (reduction in urine output, etc.) appear.

Signs of fly agaric poisoning

Stomach ache.

Vomiting.

Diarrhea.

Profuse salivation.

Sweating.

Labored breathing.

Pupillary constriction, blurred vision.

Convulsions, delirium, hallucinations are possible.

Signs of poisoning with morels and lines

Severe pain in the abdomen.

Nausea and vomiting.

Diarrhea.

When to call a doctor

Any mushroom poisoning requires emergency medical attention.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

ATTENTION!

Do not induce vomiting in unconscious children and very young children, as vomit may be inhaled.

1. Reassure the child and call the doctor.

2. Rinse the child's stomach by giving him at least 500 ml of water to drink and inducing vomiting. Repeat the procedure several times until the child vomits clean water.

3. Then give the child activated charcoal or polyphepan - 1-2 tbsp. spoons for 1 glass of water.

Dosage of activated carbon:

children under 3 years: 5 tablets in 1/2 glass of water;
children 3-7 years old: 7 tablets in 2/3 glass of water;
children over 7 years old 10 tablets in a whole glass of water;
for small children, grind the tablets into powder and stir in boiled water.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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